Daily screening, selection and summarizing the most important literature.
A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
The American Heart Association highlights the substantial clinical and public health burden of antithrombotic undertreatment in patients with atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, or peripheral artery disease. Real-world evidence consistently shows…
a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Cardioprotective Efficacy of Semaglutide.
This meta-analysis of seven RCTs involving 38,412 patients evaluated the impact of semaglutide on cardiovascular mortality across type 2 diabetes, overweight/obesity, and HFpEF populations. Semaglutide significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular death by…
the glucagon/GLP-1 dual agonist survodutide does not raise cardiovascular risk in obesity (5-point MACE HR 0.89), delivers 13.7 percent weight loss and 6.7 mmHg lower blood pressure, but one in five stops for gastrointestinal effects
Presented in LBS.05 at AHA 2026 (Monday 9 November) by principal investigator Biykem Bozkurt and published simultaneously in The Lancet; the figures below come from the Boehringer Ingelheim release of 9 November because the paper is not yet readable to us…
the once-daily GLP-1 pill orforglipron lowers the apnoea-hypopnoea index in moderate to severe sleep apnoea with obesity by 12 to 13 events per hour more than placebo, with 10 percent weight loss and 7 mmHg lower blood pressure
Presented in LBS.05 at AHA 2026 (Monday 9 November) by Vaishnavi Kundel (Mount Sinai) and published simultaneously in JAMA (first author Atul Malhotra). ATTAIN-OSA comprises two 52-week, phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials at 66 sites in nine…
the ANGPTL4 antibody MAR001 lowers triglycerides up to 45.5 percent more than placebo without worsening glucose, and a single CRISPR infusion against ANGPTL3 removes 63 percent of triglycerides in ten patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia
Two early-phase lipid trials from LBS.05 at AHA 2026 (Monday 9 November). TYDAL-TIMI 78 Part A, presented by Michelle O'Donoghue (TIMI Study Group) and published simultaneously in NEJM: 235 adults with elevated triglycerides and remnant cholesterol randomised…
patients who received vutrisiran from the start of HELIOS-B have 37 percent fewer deaths or cardiovascular events through month 48 than those who began after the placebo phase, and eplontersen measurably shrinks myocardial amyloid on MRI in CARDIO-TTRansform
Two Circulation papers behind FS.11 at AHA 2026 (Monday 9 November); figures from the published abstracts. HELIOS-B open-label extension (Garcia-Pavia et al., online 3 November; Peter van der Meer of UMCG among the authors): of 654 randomised patients with…
in moderate aortic stenosis with at-risk features, upfront TAVR gives fewer deaths or heart-failure events at two years than clinical surveillance (16.7 versus 23.9 percent), but the gain lies entirely in heart failure and not in mortality
Presented again in FS.13 at AHA 2026 (Monday 9 November) after its TCT 2026 debut and NEJM publication of 2 November. PROGRESS randomised 744 patients (mean age 78, 39.1 percent women, 45.6 percent low surgical risk, mean valve area 1.2 cm2, peak velocity 3.3…
pelacarsen lowers lipoprotein(a) by 86 percent in 423 Black and Hispanic Americans with cardiovascular disease, the same reduction that prevented no events in Lp(a)HORIZON
Presented in FS.12 at AHA 2026 (Monday 9 November) and published simultaneously in Circulation: Population Health and Outcomes. Lp(a)FRONTIERS EXPANSION, a US phase 3b randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, enrolled 423 Black/African American and…
Persistent Value and the Contemporary Role of Vitamin K Antagonism.
This narrative review outlines the contemporary indications for vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in cardiovascular practice. While DOACs have largely replaced warfarin for atrial fibrillation, VKAs remain mandatory for mechanical heart valves and are still…
dapagliflozin slows the loss of kidney function in heart transplant recipients, with Rotterdam, Groningen and Utrecht as three of the six centres
Presented in FS.07 at AHA 2026 (Sunday 8 November) and published simultaneously in Circulation. DAPARHT (Dapagliflozin for Renal Protection in Heart Transplant Recipients) is an investigator-initiated, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at six heart…
a single ferric derisomaltose infusion improves peak VO2, walking distance and NYHA class at twelve weeks in HFpEF with iron deficiency, but not patient-reported health status
Presented in FS.07 at AHA 2026 (Sunday 8 November, Gregory D. Lewis, Mass General Brigham, Boston) and published simultaneously in Circulation. IRONMET-HFpEF is a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 65 patients with symptomatic HFpEF and…
in atrioventricular block, left bundle branch pacing cuts death, heart failure hospitalisation or pacing-induced cardiomyopathy by 59 percent compared with conventional right ventricular pacing; the trial was stopped early
Presented in LBS.04 at AHA 2026 (Sunday 8 November) and published simultaneously in NEJM. OptimPacing is an investigator-initiated, open-label randomised trial at 17 centres in mainland China, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, Poland and the United States (June…
ablating low-voltage areas on top of pulmonary vein isolation does not significantly reduce recurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation overall, but does in the half of patients who have such areas
Presented in LBS.04 at AHA 2026 (Sunday 8 November) and published simultaneously in JAMA. COAST-AF (Characterization of Arrhythmia Substrate to Ablate Persistent Atrial Fibrillation) is a single-blind randomised trial at 14 Canadian ablation centres (August…
five years of CPR education, dispatcher training and extra AEDs in 31 North Carolina counties did not yield more survivors with good brain function than usual practice in 29 others
Presented in LBS.04 at AHA 2026 (Sunday 8 November) and published simultaneously in NEJM. RACE-CARS is a cluster-randomised trial of 60 North Carolina counties (about 8.5 million residents), 31 randomised to a comprehensive community and EMS intervention…
In a prospective UK Biobank cohort of 438,748 participants, researchers evaluated the joint impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and sarcopenia-related abnormalities on cardiovascular, renal, and mortality outcomes. The…
pelacarsen lowers lipoprotein(a) by 78 percent but prevents no events, hazard ratio 1.02 in 8,322 patients over 4.7 years
Presented in LBS.01 at AHA 2026 (Saturday 7 November) and published simultaneously in NEJM, with the extended analyses in NEJM Evidence. Lp(a)HORIZON randomised 8,350 patients (8,322 analysed; mean age 59.7, 27 percent women, median Lp(a) 235.8 nmol/L, median…
ziltivekimab cuts IL-6 by 76 and hsCRP by 64 percent, but heart attack, stroke and death are unchanged in 6,376 patients with atherosclerosis, kidney disease and inflammation
Presented in LBS.01 at AHA 2026 (Saturday 7 November) by Paul Ridker and published simultaneously in NEJM. ZEUS randomised 6,376 patients (3,184 ziltivekimab, 3,192 placebo; mean age 69.4, 27.5 percent women, 65.8 percent diabetes, 42.2 percent heart failure…
upfront PCI on top of optimal medical therapy does not lower death or myocardial infarction in stable coronary disease, hazard ratio 1.01 in 959 veterans
Presented in FS.01 at AHA 2026 (Saturday 7 November) and published as a research letter in JAMA. Post hoc extended observational follow-up of 959 of the 2,287 COURAGE participants (42 percent), the US veterans at 15 VA hospitals who consented to record…
stopping statins in multimorbid adults aged 70 and over without cardiovascular disease meets the noninferiority margin but gives 38 percent more deaths, infarctions and strokes
Presented in LBS.03 at AHA 2026 (Saturday 7 November) and published simultaneously in NEJM. STREAM randomised 1,880 adults aged 70 or over (mean 77.5, 46.9 percent women, 32.1 percent diabetes, 53.5 percent recruited by general practitioners) who took a…
a systolic target below 120 mmHg after ischaemic stroke or TIA gives 21 percent fewer cardiovascular events than below 140, at the price of more renal function decline
Presented in LBS.02 at AHA 2026 (Saturday 7 November, Gisele Sampaio Silva, Federal University of Sao Paulo) and published simultaneously in NEJM. OPTIMAL-Stroke randomised 4,368 adults (mean age 63.9, 47.9 percent women; 92 percent ischaemic stroke, 8…
a systolic target below 120 mmHg in type 2 diabetes does not significantly lower cardiovascular events (6.0 versus 6.7 percent) and gives more renal function decline
Presented in LBS.03 at AHA 2026 (Saturday 7 November, Karla Santo, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo) and published simultaneously in NEJM. OPTIMAL-DIABETES randomised 9,476 adults aged 50 or over (mean 65, 62 percent women) with type 2 diabetes…
upfront statin plus ezetimibe or statin alone first gives the same outcomes in vascular disease (8.5 versus 7.9 percent), as long as you titrate to the LDL target
Presented in LBS.03 at AHA 2026 (Saturday 7 November, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul) and published simultaneously in Circulation. In the 2 by 2 factorial Ez-PAVE trial (3,048 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular…
the LITMUS prospective multicentre diagnostic accuracy study
The prospective multicentre LITMUS study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and MASH. While single markers showed limited performance compared to histology, multimarker…
An updated meta-analysis of six randomized trials (7,028 patients) comparing percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) with oral anticoagulation in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation found similar overall stroke rates between the two strategies, but a…
A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.
A Bayesian network meta-analysis of 284 RCTs (18,750 participants) evaluated ten exercise modalities and optimal dosing for blood pressure reduction in adults with prehypertension or hypertension. Aquatic exercise produced the largest systolic reduction…
A Scientific Statement From the Japanese Heart Failure Society.
The Japanese Heart Failure Society issues a scientific statement outlining practical prevention strategies for heart failure in asymptomatic stages A and B. The guidance emphasizes biomarker-driven screening with BNP/NT-proBNP, aggressive management of…
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
A meta-analysis of 85 randomized trials (70,543 participants) demonstrates that SGLT2 inhibitors produce a small but statistically significant increase in hemoglobin (+0.60 g/dl) and hematocrit (+2.36%) compared with placebo. Secondary analyses also reveal…
Pooled Analysis of BROADWAY/BROOKLYN and an Updated Meta-analysis of CETP Inhibitor Trials.
A pooled analysis of phase 3 trials (BROADWAY/BROOKLYN) and an updated meta-analysis evaluated the impact of the CETP inhibitor obicetrapib on glycaemia and new-onset diabetes in 1,700 participants without baseline diabetes. Obicetrapib did not increase HbA1c…
Competing Adverse Events in a Nationwide Cohort.
In a nationwide Finnish cohort of 1,502 patients with atrial fibrillation and prior intracranial bleeding, the 1-year risk of ischemic stroke fell from 4.1% with no anticoagulation to 0.7% with DOACs (HR 0.17), without an increased bleeding risk. Warfarin…
A Non-Steroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist and Its Emerging Role in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.
This narrative review synthesizes evidence for finerenone in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, drawing on phase 3 trials including FIDELIO-DKD, FIGARO-DKD, FINEARTS-HF, and the pooled FINE-HEART analysis. Finerenone consistently reduces…
a multicenter, ambispective cohort study.
In a multicenter ambispective cohort of 3,305 patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, polyethylene glycol-loxenatide demonstrated significant renoprotective effects compared to non-incretin-based standard care. After a median follow-up of…
This review evaluates the impact of fixed-dose combination therapies (polypills) on adherence and cardiovascular outcomes across primary and secondary prevention, as well as in heart failure. Meta-analyses and event-powered trials (TIPS-3, SECURE, PolyIran)…
A prespecified secondary analysis of the landmark FLOW trial confirmed that once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg is safe and well-tolerated across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease severity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Serious adverse events were less…
This review examines the renal protective effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and newer multi-hormone receptor modulators in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease. Benefits arise through direct mechanisms, including natriuresis and modulation of…
An individual participant data meta-analysis of six US prospective cohorts (n = 42,257) found that common vascular risk factors—including hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, smoking, and prior stroke—were significantly associated with an increased…
The growing number of heart transplant recipients is increasingly managed outside specialized transplant centers, yet post-transplant care remains complex due to immunosuppression, rejection risk, and comorbidities. This ESC consensus statement provides a…
Mission Impossible-or Not Too Late to Start?
This narrative review evaluates the evidence for four-pillar therapy (RAS inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, finerenone, and GLP-1 receptor agonists) in patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD G4-G5). While landmark trials largely…
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 31 studies (26,948 patients) compared fixed and age-dependent NT-proBNP thresholds for diagnosing acute heart failure in dyspneic emergency department patients. A fixed cutoff of ≤300 ng/L offers excellent rule-out…
SURPASS-CVOT analysis.
In a post-hoc analysis of the SURPASS-CVOT trial, patients with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease received either tirzepatide or dulaglutide over a mean follow-up of four years. Among patients with a history of heart…
A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
A meta-analysis of 14 placebo-controlled RCTs (n = 76,969) demonstrates that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death by 23% (HR 0.77) in patients with type 2 diabetes. The class also lowered first HF…
Implications for Clinical Assessment of Pulmonary Vascular Disease.
In a retrospective cohort study of 1,069 patients with HFpEF undergoing invasive exercise hemodynamics, prominent V waves (PAWP V wave ≥10 mmHg above mean PAWP) were associated with markedly higher PA systolic pressure (54 vs 38 mmHg) and a doubled risk of…
A large real-world propensity-matched cohort study (N=271,685 per arm) compared cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with tirzepatide versus semaglutide. Tirzepatide was associated with a significantly lower risk of a composite…
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 RCTs (88,830 participants) demonstrates that intensive blood pressure lowering reduces major cardiovascular events by 15% per 10-mm Hg reduction in systolic pressure, regardless of chronic kidney disease status…
A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data (n=5006 US adults) reveals that advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome (stages 3-4) affects 13.0% of the adult population. Among those with kidney abnormalities, 80.7% did not report it, while 58.7%…
This Circulation review examines how a broad spectrum of anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy, hormonal agents, and targeted inhibitors, significantly increases the risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism in cancer patients. The authors outline…
A global perspective.
A systematic review of 109 global clinical guidelines reveals a shared framework for lipid management in adults with or at risk of ASCVD, yet significant discrepancies persist regarding LDL-C targets and the use of non-statin therapies. Recommendations…
Evidence and Gaps.
The management of chronic coronary syndromes is shifting from an obstructive to a phenotype-guided approach, encompassing INOCA, vasospastic angina, and coronary microvascular dysfunction. While foundational therapies like statins, ACE inhibitors, and SGLT2…
an EJHF Expert Consensus Statement.
An expert consensus from the European Journal of Heart Failure recommends early, parallel initiation of proven pharmacotherapies (SGLT2 inhibitors, non-steroidal MRAs, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and RAS inhibitors) to prevent heart failure across the…
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Phenotype-Specific Effects and Dual Analytical Frameworks.
This meta-analysis of 14 trials (n=15,882) demonstrates that GLP-1 receptor agonists significantly reduce MACE (HR 0.79), heart failure hospitalizations (HR 0.48), and all-cause mortality (HR 0.75) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection…
This narrative review synthesizes long-term outcomes of childhood-onset idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and highlights key challenges in transitioning to adult care. While most patients with steroid-sensitive disease achieve remission, approximately 25%…
Incidence, 30-Day Case Fatality Rates, and Risk Factors Over Time in a Population-Based Study.
A population-based study spanning nearly 30 years reveals that stroke incidence in young adults (20–54 years) has nearly doubled, rising from 33.9 to 62.2 per 100,000 person-years, driven primarily by ischemic stroke. This increase coincides with a marked…
the INFINITY pooled analysis of 14,574 patients shows 24 percent less kidney failure and 20 percent less heart failure or cardiovascular death, and per the EASD subanalyses regardless of HbA1c and BMI
Finerenone at EASD 2026 in Milan: the INFINITY individual-participant pooled analysis of FIDELIO-DKD, FIGARO-DKD and FIND-CKD (14,574 participants with CKD with or without type 2 diabetes, median three years; published in The Lancet in June 2026) reduced…
SGLT2 inhibitor and/or GLP-1-based therapy potentially from diagnosis, metformin no longer the mandatory first step, weight as essential as glucose, finerenone as the third layer in albuminuric CKD
The final ADA/EASD consensus report on the management of type 2 diabetes, 2026, presented at EASD 2026 in Milan by Melanie Davies and John Buse and published open access in Diabetologia and Diabetes Care. The focus has broadened from hyperglycaemia to…
the oral GLP-1 agonist orforglipron is cardiovascularly non-inferior to insulin glargine in high-risk type 2 diabetes, with an unproven mortality signal and a third of the hypoglycaemia
Presented at EASD 2026 in Milan by Klara Klein and published simultaneously in The Lancet. ACHIEVE-4, an event-driven, open-label phase 3 trial at 317 sites in 16 countries, randomised 2,749 adults with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 8.2 percent, BMI 33, mean age 63…
retatrutide yields up to 18.8 percent weight loss and a 10.8 mmHg lower systolic blood pressure in obesity with type 2 diabetes, with hypotension and dysesthesia as new signals
Presented at EASD 2026 in Milan and published simultaneously in The Lancet. TRIUMPH-2 randomised 1,152 adults with obesity or overweight (BMI 27 or higher, mean 38.2) and type 2 diabetes (mean HbA1c 7.7 percent) to once-weekly retatrutide 4, 9 or 12 mg or…
CagriSema lowers HbA1c by 0.16 points and weight by 4 points more than semaglutide in type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 2), zenagamtide follows
Amylin day at EASD 2026 in Milan. REIMAGINE 2 (Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology) randomised 2,713 adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin with or without an SGLT2 inhibitor (mean HbA1c 8.2 percent, BMI 25 or higher) to CagriSema 2.4/2.4 mg, semaglutide 2.4…
This Circulation review addresses the growing population of Kawasaki disease survivors at risk for acute coronary syndrome, highlighting how KD-specific coronary pathology and thrombosis risk diverge from traditional atherosclerotic disease. It synthesizes…
synergy between cardiac and extracardiac mechanisms and effects of novel therapies.
This narrative review frames heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) as a systemic disease driven by the convergence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, which promote microvascular dysfunction, endothelial impairment, and…
retatrutide monotherapy lowers HbA1c by up to 1.1 percentage points more than placebo and body weight by up to 15 percent
Phase 3, double-blind trial in 537 adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on diet and exercise (mean HbA1c 7.9 percent, BMI 35.8, diabetes duration 2.5 years), randomised to once-weekly retatrutide 4, 9 or 12 mg or placebo for 40 weeks at 48…
Epidemiology, current clinical implications and future burden.
The cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome framework captures the continuum linking obesity, metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Population data show that over 75% of adults meet criteria for at least stage 1…
international target trial emulation.
An international target trial emulation involving 64,036 patients on dialysis demonstrates that deceased donor kidney transplantation using standard criteria donors (SCD) significantly improves five-year survival across all age groups and comorbidity…
balancing euglycaemic ketoacidosis risk and cardiorenal benefits.
This review addresses the perioperative management of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or type 2 diabetes. While guidelines typically recommend withholding the drug 3–4 days before elective surgery to prevent…
A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
The American Heart Association has released a scientific statement highlighting sex-specific differences in chronic kidney disease (CKD), emphasizing biological factors, underrepresentation in clinical trials, and the strong link to cardiovascular mortality…
A real-world cohort study of nearly 46,000 patients evaluated whether glucosuria on routine urinalysis serves as a practical proxy for adherence to SGLT2 inhibitors. After inverse probability weighting, patients with glucosuria (≥2+) had significantly lower…
The 2025 VA/DoD clinical practice guideline on lipid management introduces updated cardiovascular risk assessment tools, including the PREVENT calculator, one-time lipoprotein(a) testing, and coronary artery calcium scoring for risk refinement. It recommends…
An Important Window of Opportunity to Optimize Maternal Health.
This narrative review highlights the substantial long-term cardiovascular risk associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and positions the postpartum period as a critical window for preventive care. Emerging evidence supports tighter blood pressure…
a randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled, multicentre trial.
In the double-blind, sham-controlled PVI-SHAM-AF trial, 262 patients with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation were randomised to catheter ablation or a sham procedure. At six months, ablation did not significantly improve atrial…
a systematic review.
A systematic review of pooled analyses from the FIDELITY programme demonstrates that finerenone significantly reduces composite renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease (HR 0.77 and 0.86, respectively). Over three years…
from episode burden to net clinical benefit.
This narrative review synthesizes evidence from the ARTESiA and NOAH-AFNET 6 trials regarding anticoagulation for device-detected atrial high-rate episodes and subclinical atrial fibrillation. While DOACs significantly reduce ischemic stroke risk, they…
Key Updates, Historical Context, and Clinical Implications.
The 2025 AHA/ACC hypertension guideline maintains the <130/80 mmHg treatment goal but adopts a strictly risk-based approach, recommending pharmacotherapy for stage-1 hypertension once the 10-year ASCVD risk reaches 7.5%. Key updates include the race-free…
the CREDENCE trial.
A post-hoc analysis of the CREDENCE trial found that canagliflozin maintains consistent efficacy and safety across varying levels of polypharmacy in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). While relative risk reductions for kidney and…
Chronic kidney disease is driven by a pro-inflammatory state that accelerates both renal decline and major cardiovascular events. This review outlines key inflammatory pathways and highlights potential therapeutic targets, ranging from investigational agents…
This narrative review evaluates pharmacological strategies for preventing type 2 diabetes in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance. While metformin retains the strongest long-term evidence for diabetes prevention, GLP-1 receptor agonists and…
A Review.
A recent narrative review and phase 3 trial data (SURMOUNT-OSA) demonstrate that GLP-1 receptor agonists, including tirzepatide, reduce the apnea-hypopnea index by 20 to 24 events per hour in adults with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea. Remission rates…
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 29 randomised controlled trials (n=67,873) evaluated the association between DPP-4 inhibitors and heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes. Overall, DPP-4 inhibitor use was not significantly associated with an…
lifelong connections.
A narrative review in the European Heart Journal highlights that adverse pregnancy outcomes, including hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth, serve as early markers of underlying cardiometabolic dysfunction rather than isolated…
a multicentre cross-sectional study.
A multicentre cross-sectional study of 15,879 adults in the UK compared five creatinine-based eGFR equations against measured GFR. The Lund-Malmö Revised (LMR) and EKFC equations demonstrated the highest accuracy and least bias, particularly in South Asian…
association, causality, and preventive potential.
A large prospective cohort study of nearly 500,000 UK Biobank participants, combined with bidirectional Mendelian randomization, evaluated 323 modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke. Eighteen factors demonstrated robust causal links, and a moderate…
Contemporary Prevention, Recognition, and Management.
This narrative review outlines contemporary strategies for preventing, recognizing, and managing major complications following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). It emphasizes the critical role of multidetector CT for anatomical planning…
This European Heart Journal review addresses the frequent loss to follow-up and care gaps when transitioning patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes (LQTS, CPVT, Brugada) from paediatric to adult services. It proposes a pragmatic pathway beginning in…
consensus statement by the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on blood pressure monitoring.
The European Society of Hypertension has issued a consensus statement on wearable wristwatch cuff oscillometric blood pressure monitors. A systematic review identified only two devices (Omron HeartGuide and Huawei Watch D/D2) meeting strict validation…
In a large retrospective target trial emulation using electronic health records, initiation of GLP-1 receptor agonists versus SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with significantly lower 4-year all-cause mortality (HR 0.76; 4.91% vs 6.45%) and reduced major…
Researchers developed and externally validated FIND-AF 2.0, a machine learning model using electronic health records to identify patients at high risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). In a prospective screening study of 1,923 adults, AF was detected in…
A COMBINE-AF Analysis.
A pooled analysis of five pivotal randomized trials (COMBINE-AF; n=73,737) demonstrates that extracranial bleeding occurs in 26% of patients with atrial fibrillation on oral anticoagulants over a mean follow-up of nearly two years, translating to 7.6 events…
the safety and efficacy of oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients with prior intracranial haemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation and a history of intracranial haemorrhage. Based on five observational studies, DOACs were associated…
a DOAC instead of aspirin after TAVI halves CT leaflet thrombosis and is as safe, with life-threatening bleeds only in the aspirin group
Investigator-initiated head-to-head trial in three Norwegian hospitals: 360 patients aged 65 to 80 after TAVI randomised to DOAC monotherapy (apixaban, edoxaban or rivaroxaban) or aspirin monotherapy. Hypo-attenuated leaflet thickening at 12 months 17.2…
1,300 ESC congress delegates measured, with excess weight in 47 percent, untreated hypertension and silent atherosclerosis in one in five
Cross-sectional health check of more than 1,300 healthcare professionals at ESC Congress 2025 with age- and sex-matched general-population controls. Excess weight 46.8 percent, hypertension 23.2 percent, high cholesterol 22.7 percent; subclinical…
transcatheter tricuspid repair on top of medical therapy lowers death or heart failure hospitalisation at three years by 60 percent in severe tricuspid regurgitation
The hard-endpoint trial the tricuspid field lacked: 360 patients (mean 80 years, 56 percent women) with heart failure and severe tricuspid regurgitation in 29 German centres, randomised 2:1 to transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (98 percent) plus medical…
nurse-coordinated, digitally supported heart failure care lowers mortality by 22 percent and nearly doubles guideline therapy in India
Cluster-randomised trial in 22 Indian centres (57 percent rural): 1,507 adults with HFrEF, nurse-coordinated collaborative care with mobile health, structured counselling and real-time communication versus usual care. Days alive and out of hospital at two…
Modern Lipid Management for ASCVD Prevention in Primary Care.
This narrative review outlines the evolving landscape of lipid management for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention in primary care and cardiology. Beyond traditional risk scores, clinicians are increasingly using lifetime risk assessment…
atorvastatin 40 mg in healthy adults over 70 prevents 30 percent of cardiovascular events but does not extend disability-free survival
The trial the primary-care question has waited for: 9,971 healthy Australians aged 70 and over (mean 74.7, 52 percent women) randomised to atorvastatin 40 mg or placebo, median follow-up 5.9 years. Major cardiovascular events 6.0 versus 8.3 percent (HR 0.70…
milvexian prevents no events after an acute coronary syndrome and does not bleed less, a blow to the factor XI hypothesis in ACS
The full results of the trial stopped for futility in November 2025: 14,194 patients within 7 days of an ACS with at least two risk factors, milvexian 25 mg twice daily or placebo on top of antiplatelet therapy, median 10 months. Cardiovascular death, MI or…
a region-wide policy of prasugrel instead of ticagrelor after PCI gives equal protection and less bleeding in 17,095 ACS patients
A registry-based stepped-wedge randomised trial: seven Swedish regions switched their default P2Y12 inhibitor from ticagrelor to prasugrel at staggered dates, covering 17,095 consecutive ACS patients undergoing PCI. Death, MI or stroke at one year 11.1 versus…
evolocumab in the cath lab gets 82 percent of infarct patients to LDL target within a year, without a demonstrable clinical difference
International open-label phase 4 trial: 2,161 patients with high-risk acute MI undergoing PCI, evolocumab 140 mg every two weeks for one year with the first dose given before PCI, versus standard care. LDL-C under 55 mg/dL plus at least 50 percent reduction…
complete revascularisation guided by angiography-derived FFR lowers events by 38 percent after STEMI with multivessel disease
Investigator-initiated RCT in 21 centres in Italy and Pakistan: 1,823 STEMI patients with multivessel disease randomised to complete revascularisation guided by angiography-derived FFR (non-culprit lesions treated only if FFR 0.80 or lower) versus…
omitting aspirin from primary PCI onwards in STEMI fails non-inferiority, despite less bleeding
Open-label non-inferiority trial in 69 Japanese centres: 2,280 STEMI patients randomised to prasugrel monotherapy (20 mg loading, 3.75 mg daily, Japanese dosing) started before PCI, or 12 months of DAPT. Death, MI or stroke at 12 months 11.0 versus 8.5…
after twelve months of DAPT in high ischaemic risk, clopidogrel alone is non-inferior on the net endpoint, but with more infarctions and deaths and less bleeding
RCT in 19 South Korean centres: 3,203 patients who completed 12 months of DAPT after high-risk drug-eluting stent PCI, randomised to clopidogrel monotherapy or 24 further months of DAPT. Net primary endpoint (death, MI, stent thrombosis, stroke or BARC 2, 3…
prasugrel or ticagrelor with a DOAC after infarction in atrial fibrillation triples major bleeding, the trial was stopped early
Randomised trial stopped early for safety after 602 of 1,474 planned patients with AF and myocardial infarction: DOAC plus one month of prasugrel or ticagrelor versus DOAC plus clopidogrel (with in-hospital aspirin). BARC 3 or higher bleeding HR 3.54 (95% CI…
imaging finds silent atherosclerosis in 57 percent of 16,808 adults without heart disease, and SCORE2 misses most of them
Prospective cross-sectional study in Denmark and Spain: 16,808 adults aged 18 to 70 without known cardiovascular disease, balanced by decade and sex, imaged with 3D vascular ultrasound of carotid and femoral arteries and coronary CT angiography. Silent…
eplontersen misses its primary endpoint in ATTR cardiomyopathy, with only a nominal signal in patients not on a stabiliser
The largest ATTR-CM trial to date (1,432 patients, 130 centres) randomised eplontersen 45 mg every four weeks against placebo. The primary composite of cardiovascular death and recurrent cardiovascular events through week 140 was not reduced (rate ratio 0.89…
a DOAC protects patients with atrial fibrillation and a single stroke risk factor, without excess major bleeding
The first randomised trial in the guideline grey zone: 1,803 Korean patients with AF and a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1 (men) or 2 (women) were randomised to apixaban or rivaroxaban versus no anticoagulation. At 24 months the composite of stroke, systemic…
eGFR and albuminuria for every cardiac patient, an SGLT2 inhibitor regardless of ejection fraction, and a chair from Groningen
Published today in the European Heart Journal ahead of its Saturday presentation: the first ESC guideline that treats cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease as one condition, endorsed by the European Renal Association and chaired by Kevin Damman…
an ICD for scar on CMR with LVEF 36 to 50 percent misses its primary endpoint but reduces sudden cardiac death, with benefit confined to patients under 70
353 patients with LVEF 36 to 50 percent on optimal therapy and myocardial scar on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (ischaemic or non-ischaemic, 18 centres in Australia, Germany and the UK) were randomised to an ICD or an implantable loop recorder. The…
the type numbers go, replaced by primary, secondary and procedure-related infarction
ESC, ACC, AHA and WHF published the Fifth Universal Definition of MI today in the European Heart Journal, simultaneously in Circulation and Global Heart. The numbered types (1 to 5, 4a to 4c) are replaced by three clinical categories: primary MI (plaque…
multidisciplinary, also home-based and digital, and for far more patients than the post-infarction group
Published today in the European Heart Journal ahead of its Monday presentation: the first dedicated ESC guideline on cardiac rehabilitation, chaired by Maria Bäck (Gothenburg), Matthias Wilhelm (Bern) and Dominique Hansen (Hasselt). Core components are…
aficamten improves symptoms and exercise capacity in non-obstructive HCM, the first positive trial ever in this population
Presented in Hot Line 1 at ESC Congress 2026 in Munich and published simultaneously in the NEJM: in 517 patients with symptomatic non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, aficamten improved both KCCQ-CSS (difference 3.0 points, p=0.021) and peak VO2…
two phenotypes instead of three, an MRA for everyone, stages A to D and semaglutide for HFpEF with obesity
Presented in Munich on 28 August 2026 and published in the European Heart Journal: the first full revision of the ESC heart failure guideline since 2021. HFmrEF disappears (HFrEF now means LVEF below 50 percent, HFpEF 50 percent and above), a stage A to D…
The 10-year follow-up of the HOST-EXAM trial compares clopidogrel versus aspirin monotherapy in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Results demonstrate sustained reductions in composite ischaemic and bleeding outcomes with clopidogrel…
A Prespecified Secondary Analysis.
In a prespecified secondary analysis of the SELECT trial, researchers evaluated the effect of semaglutide on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in 17,604 patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and overweight/obesity without…
Translating Evidence into Clinical Practice.
Chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes affects 30–40% of patients and substantially increases cardiovascular risk and mortality. Recent evidence supports the simultaneous use of SGLT2 inhibitors, non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, GLP-1…
Evidence, Mechanisms, and Emerging Clinical Applications.
GLP-1 receptor agonists and emerging dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists have evolved into key cardiometabolic therapies with proven cardiovascular benefits. Large outcome trials demonstrate that these agents significantly reduce major adverse cardiovascular events in…
A systematic review and meta-analysis.
A meta-analysis of 32 RCTs (47,332 participants) compared the blood pressure-related safety profiles of tirzepatide and semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity. Tirzepatide significantly reduced the risk of hypertension-related adverse events…
A retrospective cohort study of 382 patients with non-diabetic IgA nephropathy demonstrates that finerenone significantly improves complete renal remission rates (HR 2.58; p < 0.001) and reduces the risk of a ≥30% eGFR decline (HR 0.30; p = 0.036) compared to…
Sex-Specific Insights Across the Continuum from Diagnosis to Outcomes.
This narrative review examines sex-specific differences in the pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic responses of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in women. Women face a twofold higher lifetime risk of HFpEF compared to…
what STAREE will and will not answer
STAREE randomised almost 10,000 healthy Australians aged 70 and over to atorvastatin or placebo, with disability-free survival as its primary endpoint. Presented in Hot Line 2 at ESC Congress 2026, it addresses the largest remaining evidence gap in primary…
what lands on 28 August
The new ESC heart failure guideline, the first full revision since 2021, is presented on Friday 28 August at ESC Congress 2026, followed by an Ask the Task Force session. Expect consolidation of four-pillar HFrEF therapy and its rapid initiation, a firmer…
why the ESC now treats them together
ESC Congress 2026 delivers the first dedicated ESC guideline on cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease, presented Saturday 29 August. It formalises care for a huge overlap population long excluded from trials, arriving exactly as SGLT2 inhibitors…
the hypothesis, the promise and the LIBREXIA ACS lesson
Factor XI inhibition promises antithrombotic effect without the bleeding cost, but the field keeps hitting reality: after asundexian, the 14,000-patient LIBREXIA ACS trial of milvexian was halted for futility in November 2025. The full results, presented at…
This narrative review evaluates the pharmacological and clinical advances of combination therapies using peptide hormone co-agonists, such as GLP-1 combined with FGF21 or GDF15 analogs, for chronic metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, MASLD…
A causal mediation analysis of the pooled FIDELITY trial data (n = 12,143) demonstrates that the cardiovascular benefit of finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease is largely driven by early reductions in urine…
Intensive blood-pressure lowering reduces mortality and cardiovascular disease in clinical trials, but real-world BP measurements often differ from standardised protocols. In this retrospective cohort of over 2.3 million US Veterans with hypertension (mean…
insights from the TEXTMEDS randomised clinical trial
Good risk-factor control and medication adherence after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) help determine long-term prognosis, and sex plays a role. In this secondary analysis of the randomised TEXTMEDS trial (1,379 patients post-ACS, 79% male), sex differences…
An Integrated Review of a Bidirectional Relationship.
This integrated review examines the bidirectional relationship between frailty and heart failure in older adults, highlighting how frailty independently predicts incident HF while HF accelerates frailty progression through inflammation, sarcopenia, and…
Second Universal Definition of Heart Failure (2026).
A joint expert consensus from the AHA, ACC, ESC, and WHF introduces the second universal definition of heart failure to resolve longstanding diagnostic ambiguities and standardize global surveillance. The updated framework replaces rigid left ventricular…
A recent narrative review synthesizes evidence on antithrombotic management in patients with stable chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Trials including AFIRE, EPIC-CAD, AQUATIC, and ADAPT-AF-DES demonstrate that oral anticoagulant…
from "supportive care" to CKD combination therapy.
This narrative review outlines the shift in chronic kidney disease (CKD) management from renin-angiotensin system inhibitor monotherapy to a four-pillar combination approach incorporating SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal…
Cancer survivors are at risk of heart failure (HF), partly from prior cancer therapy, but early predictors are scarce. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been linked to both cancer and HF. In this UK Biobank analysis (20,244 participants with cancer at…
results from a national registry
Native aortic valve endocarditis is often complicated by heart failure, peri-annular extension and conduction disturbances, making surgery challenging. In this retrospective analysis of the UK NICOR registry, 3,694 patients underwent aortic valve replacement…
Although interest in male-female differences in cardiovascular disease is growing, evidence in infective endocarditis (IE) is limited and contradictory. This prospective study included 791 patients with definite or possible IE discussed by the endocarditis…
a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Heart Failure Association, the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the ESC, and the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology.
A multi-society ESC working group has released a clinical consensus on transseptal puncture (TSP), a foundational technique for over 250,000 annual atrial fibrillation ablations and various structural heart interventions. The statement emphasizes the critical…
a randomised controlled trial.
Aligning the timing of exercise with chronotype ('morning' or 'evening' type) may yield greater cardiometabolic benefit. In this 12-week randomised trial (Lahore, Pakistan; 150 sedentary adults aged 40-60 with at least one cardiovascular risk factor)…
target all atherogenic lipoproteins.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes, partly driven by dyslipidaemia. Although LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is the primary treatment target, many patients with diabetes have mixed…
cardiovascular challenges after transplantation.
Kidney transplantation significantly improves survival, yet cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. This review highlights how traditional risk factors, immunosuppressive therapies, and…
findings from the National Heart Failure Registry, India.
Patients with both heart failure (HF) and diabetes are often prescribed complex regimens, but their impact may depend on social determinants such as educational attainment. This analysis of India's National Heart Failure Registry (10,850 patients, 53…
a contemporary, population-based analysis in Catalonia.
The high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is a public-health challenge, especially in ageing societies. This retrospective population-based study used the Catalan public health system database (8 million people, 2019-2023). Age-standardised AF…
In a cohort of 827 patients undergoing TAVI, unsupervised clustering of AI-assessed echocardiographic parameters identified two distinct phenotypes among the 35% with paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis and preserved ejection fraction. Patients…
A multidisciplinary consensus statement.
The recently introduced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome captures the close interplay between metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease, but underestimates the role of the liver. Metabolic dysfunction-associated…
Care pathways in atrial fibrillation (AF) are poorly characterised and may influence guideline-concordant treatment. In the Optum database (37,370 patients with incident AF, 2015–2023), 20.6% had a pathway including an electrophysiologist visit. Older…
An ASPERA-R Inverse Probability Weighted Analysis.
Sex-specific outcomes after breakthrough ischaemic stroke on oral anticoagulation (OAC) in atrial fibrillation were unknown. In the international retrospective ASPERA-R study (1,649 patients, 52% women, mean age 78), women were older and had more severe…
The combined value of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) in primary prevention among people without standard modifiable risk factors (SMuRF-less: no smoking, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia or diabetes) was unclear. In 50,450…
Intensive blood-pressure lowering reduces mortality and cardiovascular disease in clinical trials, but real-world BP measurements often differ from standardised protocols. In this retrospective cohort of over 2.3 million US Veterans with hypertension (mean…
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and is linked to worse outcomes via unclear mechanisms. In this cohort of 925 HFpEF patients undergoing invasive haemodynamic exercise testing (34.5% with eGFR…
Exercise unmasks the limited multi-organ reserve characteristic of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Using invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET), metabolite profiling and genomics, the investigators characterised seven…
A Multiregistry Analysis
Massive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but its natural history is poorly understood. This analysis from two large international registries (SHaRe and IPHCC)…
the VISION Cardiac Surgery cohort.
In the prospective VISION Cardiac Surgery cohort (12,234 patients, 12 countries), new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) occurred in 31.8% within 30 days of cardiac surgery. Antithrombotic and antiarrhythmic management varied widely: 15.6%…
Current genetic testing for coronary artery disease (CAD) mainly targets monogenic variants in severe hypercholesterolaemia. GenProbCAD combines monogenic pathogenic variants with polygenic risk scores for CAD and for lipoprotein(a), developed and validated…
an observational study.
This real-world study (Optum database; 19,670 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and no prior ischaemic event) compared PCSK9 monoclonal-antibody initiators with matched non-initiators. Over five years, the composite of non-fatal myocardial…
an individual-participant data meta-analysis.
This individual-participant-data meta-analysis from the Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration (46 trials, 285,124 participants) examined blood-pressure lowering across all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A 5 mmHg systolic…
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) — deposition of beta-amyloid in the brain's small vessels — is a major cause of haemorrhagic stroke and contributes to cognitive decline and to complications of anti-amyloid immunotherapy. Diagnosis usually rests on MRI…
Retrospective observational study on data from the UK National Audit of Cardiac Rehabilitation: 4,585 patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent both a valid Incremental Shuttle Walk Test and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale before and after…
a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials only — 5 RCTs with 985 patients with atrioventricular (AV) block — comparing conduction system pacing (CSP) with conventional right ventricular pacing (RVP). The composite endpoint significantly…
Exercise unmasks the limited multi-organ reserve characteristic of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Using invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET), metabolite profiling and genomics, the investigators characterised seven…
A Multiregistry Analysis
Massive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but its natural history is poorly understood. This analysis from two large international registries (SHaRe and IPHCC)…
Prospective cohort study at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in 314 patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TS, n=68), anterior STEMI (n=148), or non-anterior STEMI (n=98), with serial echocardiography on admission and days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 30. Mean LVEF at…
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Multicenter, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study in 65 patients with stable angina and single-vessel coronary disease. After image-guided PCI, an in-stent balloon was incrementally inflated until angina occurred, verified against placebo…
the PRAISE-MR Randomized Trial
Multicenter open-label randomised trial with blinded primary endpoint in 84 patients with symptomatic HFpEF and ≥moderate atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR), randomised to sacubitril/valsartan (n=41) or standard of care (n=43). The primary endpoint…
The WISDOM-HMOD Study
WISDOM-Night substudy in 1,218 patients with hypertension or heart failure (mean age 67.2 years; 53.9% men) using a wrist-type oscillometric home BP monitor (HEM9601T, Omron) to measure nighttime BP at 2:00, 3:00, and 4:00 am plus 4 hours after bedtime…
A Randomized Crossover Trial
Double-blind randomised crossover trial in 50 adults with HFpEF and hypertension, who received in random order 4 weeks of amlodipine 5-10 mg and 4 weeks of metoprolol succinate 100-200 mg (equipotent antihypertensive doses). Mean age 72 years, 68% women, 66%…
Results From the VESALIUS-CV Trial
Prespecified subgroup analysis of VESALIUS-CV in 3,627 patients (29.6% of the total study population) with prior PCI but no prior myocardial infarction or stroke, randomised to evolocumab or placebo (median follow-up 4.6 years). Median age 66 years, 30.7%…
The WISDOM-HMOD Study
WISDOM-Night substudy in 1,218 patients with hypertension or heart failure (mean age 67.2 years; 53.9% men) using a wrist-type oscillometric home BP monitor (HEM9601T, Omron) to measure nighttime BP at 2:00, 3:00, and 4:00 am plus 4 hours after bedtime…
The PRAISE-MR Randomized Trial
Multicenter open-label randomised trial with blinded primary endpoint in 84 patients with symptomatic HFpEF and ≥moderate atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR), randomised to sacubitril/valsartan (n=41) or standard of care (n=43). The primary endpoint…
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Multicenter, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study in 65 patients with stable angina and single-vessel coronary disease. After image-guided PCI, an in-stent balloon was incrementally inflated until angina occurred, verified against placebo…
Cross-sectional study within the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) in 3,840 men and women aged 50-64 years with transthoracic echocardiography, anthropometry, blood pressure, biochemistry, and coronary CT calcium scoring. Normoglycaemia 82%…
Results From the VESALIUS-CV Trial
Prespecified subgroup analysis of VESALIUS-CV in 3,627 patients (29.6% of the total study population) with prior PCI but no prior myocardial infarction or stroke, randomised to evolocumab or placebo (median follow-up 4.6 years). Median age 66 years, 30.7%…
A Randomized Crossover Trial
Double-blind randomised crossover trial in 50 adults with HFpEF and hypertension, who received in random order 4 weeks of amlodipine 5-10 mg and 4 weeks of metoprolol succinate 100-200 mg (equipotent antihypertensive doses). Mean age 72 years, 68% women, 66%…
Cohort study in 2,942 Chinese adults analysing plant- versus animal-sourced nitrate intake via a validated food frequency questionnaire in relation to 5-year blood pressure changes and arterial stiffness (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity). Higher plant…
Cohort study in 2,942 Chinese adults analysing plant- versus animal-sourced nitrate intake via a validated food frequency questionnaire in relation to 5-year blood pressure changes and arterial stiffness (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity). Higher plant…
risk factors and mortality impact in a case-control study
Case-control study at Haukeland University Hospital (Norway, 2012-2023) comparing 71 patients with TAVI-related infective endocarditis (TAVI-IE) to 213 age- and sex-matched controls without IE (1:3 ratio). Incidence was 1.2% per patient-year; median time from…
A Nationwide Sibling-Controlled Cohort Study
Nationwide Swedish cohort with sibling-controlled analysis of 1,124,049 men (mean age 18.3 years) who underwent mandatory military fitness testing between 1972 and 1995, followed until December 2023. 45,179 (4.0%) developed atrial fibrillation and 96,404…
A Nationwide Sibling-Controlled Cohort Study
Nationwide Swedish cohort with sibling-controlled analysis of 1,124,049 men (mean age 18.3 years) who underwent mandatory military fitness testing between 1972 and 1995, followed until December 2023. 45,179 (4.0%) developed atrial fibrillation and 96,404…
a SWEDEHEART registry study
Registry study from the Swedish SWEDEHEART post-MI register (2016-2019) in 15,105 patients with first-time myocardial infarction (mean age 62.5 years; 78.4% male) who underwent physiotherapist-led assessments of exercise capacity (symptom-limited cycle…
Prospective cohort within the UK Million Women Study: 1.3 million women aged 50-64 recruited in 1996-2001, with baseline data on demographics, BMI, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and treatment for hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolaemia…
Study using routinely collected electronic medical records (EMRs) from 680 Australian general practices (Lumos programme, linked to hospital and death records) in 850,216 patients aged 30-74 years without prior CVD. Over a mean follow-up of 4.9 years, 33,578…
a systematic review and meta-analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 cohort studies (4,720 patients; mean age 49 years; median follow-up 3.9 years) on the natural history of asymptomatic moderate or severe aortic regurgitation (AR). Pooled incidence per 100 person-years: all-cause…
Retrospective cohort study within Kaiser Permanente Northern California: 26,646 adults diagnosed with malignant tumours between 2012-2022 who received anthracyclines, HER2 inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)…
The PFA-SHAM Randomized Clinical Trial
Prospective, sham-controlled, single-blind randomised trial in 60 patients with highly symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AFEQT score 0.99). Quality of life (AFEQT) improved +43.9 points with PFA versus +11.3 with sham (difference +32.6 points). AF burden was…
Multinational cohort study (UK EHR + Quebec claims, 2011-2020) in 30,240 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation initiating concomitant DOAC and NSAID (37,833 episodes; 45.2% COX-2-selective, 54.8% nonselective). Mean age 72.1 years, 56.7% male. Pooled…
Evidence from NHANES 2007-2018.
Cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2007-2018 data in 15,219 US adults with diabetes or prediabetes. The Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) was calculated from two 24-hour dietary recalls covering 14 food groups linked to gut microbiota. Higher DI-GM…
A Distinct High-Risk Phenotype With Residual Thromboembolic Risk Despite Anticoagulation.
Retrospective cohort study (China, 2014-2023, n=4,777 with acute myocardial infarction) in which coronary embolism (CE) was diagnosed via a 3-step validation process (Shibata criteria, angiographic core lab, final adjudication). Patients were grouped: CE with…
Dutch observational study of out-of-hours primary care (OHS-PC) contacts for acute shortness of breath (Sep 2020-Aug 2021). Of 1,833 calls, 102 (5.1%) involved patients in whom heart failure was deemed the cause (mean age 79.6 years, 53% women). 10 (9.8%)…
the DECISION trial.
Prespecified analysis of the DECISION trial: 1,001 heart failure patients on contemporary guideline therapy were randomised to low-dose digoxin or placebo, with a median treatment of 36.5 months. At study end, 587 patients on active treatment (288 digoxin…
Postapproval registry (EMERGE LAA) of the first 12,180 patients with attempted Amulet occluder implantation for left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, captured in the US NCDR LAAO Registry between August 2021 and December…
Nationwide case-control study (2000-2022) of 214 adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) and their first acute myocardial infarction, matched to 2,092 controls without ACHD on age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and previous PCI/CABG. ACHD…
Prospective multicenter registry (VERISEC) of 835 consecutive patients with HFrEF after recent decompensation initiating vericiguat at 41 Spanish centres (mean age 71.3 years, 78.9% male). Baseline therapy was highly optimised: 91.5% SGLT2i, 90.7%…
a cis-Mendelian randomization study.
Cis-Mendelian randomisation study using individual-level data from UK Biobank, Lifelines, and publicly available GWAS sources, examining 13 lipid-related drug targets (including ACLY, ANGPTL3/4, APOB, APOC3, CETP, HMGCR, LDLR, LIPG, LPA, MTTP, NPC1L1, and…
Heart review of lipid-related cardiovascular risk beyond LDL cholesterol. While LDL lowering has been the dominant target for decades, mechanistic, observational, and genetic studies support a causal role for remnant particles and lipoprotein(a) in ASCVD…
a clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) of the ESC and the European Bifurcation Club (EBC).
Joint clinical consensus statement from EAPCI and the European Bifurcation Club (EBC) on intracoronary imaging for left main percutaneous coronary intervention. The document underpins recent American and European guideline recommendations to use intravascular…
Results From a Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1 Trial in Treatment-Naive Patients.
Phase 1 randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial of laroprovstat (AZD0780), the first oral small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitor. Unlike injectable PCSK9 antibodies, laroprovstat does not block the PCSK9-LDLR interaction but stabilises the PCSK9 C-terminal…
insights from the Global HICC Registry.
Data from the Global HoFH International Clinical Collaborators (HICC) registry, which has now included over 950 patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) from 45 countries. HoFH is characterised by extremely elevated LDL cholesterol from…
A Nationwide Cohort Study.
Nationwide Finnish retrospective cohort study (FinACAF) of 229,565 patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) between 2007 and 2018. Prevalence of heart failure was much higher in older than younger patients (38.7% vs 4.3%). The relative association…
Prospective cohort study in UK Biobank of 10,414 cancer survivors free of prior CVD who had completed ≥2 dietary recalls (mean age 59.5 years, 37% men). Over a median follow-up of 13.1 years, 1,331 incident CV events occurred. Higher adherence to four healthy…
Analysis of Medicare data from Get with the Guidelines-Heart Failure: 8,847 patients aged ≥65 years hospitalised for HFrEF between July 2021 and June 2023, eligible for SGLT2 inhibitors but not yet receiving them (median age 77 years, 40% women, median LVEF…
Emulation of a Target Trial.
Target trial emulation on US claims data (commercial + Medicare) of adults with type 2 diabetes and moderate cardiovascular risk who started canagliflozin (n=42,877), dapagliflozin (n=17,871), or empagliflozin (n=7,648) between 2015 and 2020. In the weighted…
Markov model of tirzepatide versus placebo (both on top of standard care) in the SUMMIT population (HFpEF + obesity) from the German payer perspective, with monthly cycles over 5 years and four KCCQ-defined health states plus death. Discounted per-patient…
An Updated Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 38 randomised trials (52 comparisons, n=2,095) on the effect of whole dietary pulses on lipid targets. Median duration 6 weeks, median dose 130 g/day (0.5-0.67 cup). Pulses reduced LDL cholesterol by -0.14…
cardiovascular disease statistics 2025.
Fifth biennial ESC Atlas report presenting cardiovascular disease statistics from more than 50 ESC member countries for 2024. CVD causes over 3 million deaths and 68 million disability-adjusted life years annually in the region, remaining the leading cause of…
VICTORION-INCEPTION, a Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label Trial.
Open-label phase 3b multicenter randomised trial in 400 patients ≤5 weeks after acute coronary syndrome with LDL-C ≥70 mg/dL (or non-HDL ≥100 mg/dL) on statin therapy or statin-intolerant. 1:1 randomisation to inclisiran 300 mg (days 0, 90, 270) plus usual…
Cross-sectional analysis of the Wayne State University/Wayne Health mobile health unit program, which conducted screening at over 1,000 locations across metropolitan Detroit between July 2021 and September 2025. In voluntary adult participants: median BP…
A Network Meta-Analysis and Dose-Response Relationship Study.
Bayesian network meta-analysis of 105 randomised trials examining different exercise modalities and doses on blood pressure in prehypertension and established hypertension. Combined training (strength + aerobic) reduced systolic blood pressure by -12.05 mm Hg…
A Multicenter Observational Cohort Study.
Prospective multicenter observational cohort of 1,660 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation undergoing stand-alone left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) at 16 European centres between 2010 and 2024. Median age 76 years (IQR 70-81); 38% women; median…
the NutriNet-Santé study.
Prospective French cohort study (NutriNet-Santé, 2009-2024) in 112,395 participants (78.7% women; mean age 42.8 years; median follow-up 7.9 years). Dietary intake was assessed via repeated 24-hour dietary records (up to 96 per participant); exposure to food…
Retrospective cohort of 468 patients enrolled in a structured Pritikin intensive cardiac rehabilitation program (UC San Diego, 2017-2024), 67 of whom were taking GLP-1 receptor agonists for a median of 231 days. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical…
JASN review of autosomal dominant (AD) Alport syndrome, caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in COL4A3 or COL4A4. With ~1% population prevalence, it is the most common monogenic kidney disease — characterised by persistent glomerular haematuria, thinned…
a SOUL trial-based analysis using NHANES (1988-2018) cycles.
Population-level modeling study applying SOUL trial eligibility criteria to NHANES data of US adults with type 2 diabetes. An estimated 6.1 million Americans met eligibility for oral semaglutide. Without treatment, 847,598 major adverse cardiovascular events…
harmonization and guidance on how to optimally organize and fund. European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement across 55 countries and more than 500 lipid clinics
Through its Lipid Clinic Network, the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) presents the first worldwide consensus on lipid clinics, drawing on data from 55 countries and more than 500 clinics. Lipid clinics deliver specialised diagnostics, lifestyle…
a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 randomised trials (39,204 patients) on semaglutide versus placebo across the full cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) spectrum. Semaglutide significantly reduced all-cause mortality (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.77-0.92)…
Findings From the VESALIUS-CV Trial.
Prespecified analysis of VESALIUS-CV (n=7,557 patients with atherosclerosis or high-risk diabetes, without prior MI or stroke; median follow-up 4.6 years). Higher baseline Lp(a) was associated with more major coronary events (HR 1.15 per 100 nmol/L; 95% CI…
a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement.
European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement on familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) in children and adolescents. Heterozygous FH affects about 1 in 300 worldwide; homozygous FH about 1 in 300,000. Early diagnosis and treatment in childhood can…
a pooled analysis of trials.
In a pooled analysis of trials in 2,356 high-risk patients (heterozygous FH or established ASCVD), the selective CETP inhibitor obicetrapib 10 mg daily lowered LDL-C by 37%, apoB by 21% and Lp(a) by 37% versus placebo at 12 weeks. Notably, the absolute Lp(a)…
Comparison of participants in the BETAMI (n=2,867) and DANBLOCK (n=2,707) trials with the Norwegian nationwide myocardial infarction registry (NORMI, n=20,804) — all patients with recent MI, LVEF ≥40% and no heart failure. NORMI patients were older on average…
trends, risk factors, comorbidities, and clinical implications.
EHJ review of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) epidemiology. As ageing populations live longer with chronic diseases associated with venous thromboembolism, PE remains a major public health challenge. Like myocardial infarction and stroke, PE is linked to…
Retrospective international cohort of 555 incident PAH patients (diagnosed 2001-2023). 42% (n=234) had chronic kidney disease and/or diabetes (renal-diabetic, RD): 45 DM only, 135 CKD only, 54 both. RD patients were older, had greater comorbidity burden…
an immunometabolic perspective.
Review of the immunometabolic mechanisms linking diabetes mellitus to accelerated calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Diabetes consistently increases incident aortic stenosis risk (HR 1.3-1.7), calcification burden and disease severity, independent of…
KDIGO Guidelines Address Multiple Key Components of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome.
Review of KDIGO guidelines addressing the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome — formally recognised by the American Heart Association in 2023 as the integrated entity linking chronic kidney disease with obesity, diabetes, hypertension…
Clinical consensus statement on the pathophysiology, prevention, and management of microvascular obstruction ('no-reflow') after primary PCI in STEMI. Despite timely revascularization, suboptimal myocardial reperfusion persists in up to 60% of cases, with…
a clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), the Heart Failure Association (HFA), and the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC) of the ESC.
Joint clinical consensus statement from EACVI, EAPCI, HFA and ACVC on establishing Women's Heart Centres (WHC) in Europe. WHCs are conceived as hub-and-spoke networks embedded in existing cardiovascular systems, delivering multidisciplinary, sex-sensitive…
a meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 studies (284 patients) on the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). SGLT2 inhibitor therapy produced a significant reduction in EAT versus conventional antidiabetic therapy (Hedges g -1.64…
International scientific statement from EHRA, HRS, APHRS, LAHRS and CHRS on pulsed field ablation (PFA) for atrial fibrillation. Through irreversible electroporation, PFA achieves myocardial ablation while preserving surrounding structures such as nerves…
Multicenter retrospective cohort (UT Southwestern) of 2,550 propensity-matched patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, LVEF ≤40%). GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy (semaglutide, tirzepatide, or liraglutide) was associated with 32%…
VERVE-102 is a base-editing therapy that permanently inactivates the hepatic PCSK9 gene with a single infusion — an adenine base-editor mRNA plus a guide RNA in a GalNAc lipid nanoparticle. In this phase 1 study of 35 patients with heterozygous familial…
2026 Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
First AHA scientific statement on post-CABG secondary prevention since 2015, published in Circulation in the week after HF26. Covers lipid lowering (including PCSK9 inhibitors / inclisiran in this population), antiplatelet/anticoagulation, BP targets…
the VERISEC registry
VERISEC (n=835, 41 Spanish centres) confirms vericiguat's real-world benefit in HFrEF after recent decompensation. Over 12 months on top of >90% SGLT2i / >85% RAASi / ~80% MRA / 91% beta-blocker background, NT-proBNP fell from 3,532 to 2,292 pg/mL (p<0.001)…
Cleland, Lainscak, Pellicori editorial (EHJ, during HF26) revises global heart failure prevalence: historical ~60M figures reflect symptomatic HF in registries, but contemporary population-based echo screening including stage A/B, HFpEF and…
The NHLBI HCM Registry (HCMR)
HCMR (NHLBI HCM Registry) prospectively enrolled 2,750 patients with HCM at 44 expert sites across North America and Europe; all underwent contrast CMR, biomarker/genotyping bloodwork, and structured history. Median follow-up >7 years. An integrated…
Results from the Phase 2, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled CADENCE Study
CADENCE (n=164, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2) tested sotatercept (activin signalling inhibitor) in patients with combined post- and pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension (CpcPH) in HFpEF. PVR at week 24 dropped by −1.02 Wood units (95%…
a multicentre randomised controlled trial
SUBCUT HF II (UK, 20 NHS sites, n=170) compared at-home subcutaneous furosemide via the Lasix ONYU patch-pump (80 mg over 5h) versus continued inpatient IV furosemide in patients admitted with HF-associated edema. At-home treatment yielded +4 days…
a report from a global federated research network
Federated cohort study (TriNetX) of 120,783 HF patients and 7,896 AMI patients propensity-matched 1:1 to controls without HF/AMI, excluding prior/concurrent cancer. New cancer diagnoses starting 6 months after index hospitalization showed strikingly elevated…
population-based evidence from the PORTHOS study
PORTHOS (Portugal, population-based, age ≥50, n=2,498) shows NT-proBNP is systematically lower in obesity — ~50 pg/mL lower per 5 kg/m² BMI increase. Obese participants with NT-proBNP <125 pg/mL had higher odds of HF symptoms (OR 1.97) and echo abnormalities…
Findings From the Global POSEIDON Study
POSEIDON enrolled 18,904 individuals at 317 sites in 18 countries (2023–2025); 11,809 had HF with hsCRP available. Elevated hsCRP (≥2 mg/L) was present in ~38% of patients across HFpEF, HFmrEF and HFrEF — strikingly consistent across the EF spectrum. Patients…
Moving for Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Decades of risk-averse guidance have left children with cardiomyopathy sedentary, with poor cardiorespiratory fitness and added cardiometabolic risk. This AHA Scientific Statement provides an evidence-based framework to actively promote physical activity in…
mechanisms, diagnostics and therapeutic advances
A contemporary review of cardiovascular complications in sickle cell disease: myocardial dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac iron overload, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, stroke and sudden death. They remain under-recognised despite their…
a study-level meta-analysis combining DECISION, DIGIT-HF and DIG
A study-level meta-analysis pooling DECISION, DIGIT-HF and DIG (n=9,013) shows digitalis glycosides reduce CV death or first worsening HF event (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.80–0.90; p<0.001) and time to first worsening HF event (HR 0.75; p<0.001), with consistent…
the PRAISE-MR Randomized Trial
PRAISE-MR is the first medical-therapy trial demonstrating exercise-hemodynamic benefit in HFpEF with atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR). In 84 patients randomized to sacubitril-valsartan or standard of care, the 6-month change in exercise mPAP/CO…
Dig-RHD is the first RCT of digoxin in rheumatic heart disease. 1,769 patients across 12 Indian tertiary centers (mean age 46, 72% female, 70% AF, 90% NYHA II–IV, mostly with mixed valve lesions) were randomized to digoxin 0.125–0.25 mg/day or placebo and…
the DECISION trial
Pre-specified DECISION substudy: 587 patients on active treatment (digoxin or placebo) underwent blinded withdrawal with 6-week in-person follow-up. Pre-withdrawal event rates were similar between groups. Post-withdrawal, digoxin-withdrawn patients had a…
a randomized controlled trial
DECISION (n=1,001, 43 Dutch sites, median 36.5-month follow-up) is the first major modern RCT of low-dose digoxin in contemporary HF(m)rEF on guideline-directed therapy. The primary composite of worsening HF events plus CV mortality was lower with digoxin (RR…
a randomized phase 2 trial
HF-REVERT (n=294) is the first phase 2 randomized trial of an antisense microRNA inhibitor in cardiology. CDR132L (anti-miR-132) given as three IV doses 3–14 days post-MI did not improve the primary endpoint (% change in LVESVi at 6 months) nor any secondary…
The Primary Results of the Randomized PRAETORIAN-DFT Trial
The multinational PRAETORIAN-DFT RCT randomised 965 subcutaneous ICD recipients across 37 centres to defibrillation testing versus no testing — using the PRAETORIAN score (based on chest X-ray) to assess implant position in the no-DFT arm. First-shock failure…
A cohort study in the FDA Sentinel System of >173,000 NVAF patients aged 21-64 found that rivaroxaban was associated with higher major extracranial bleeding (HR 1.91) and gastrointestinal bleeding (HR 1.92) versus apixaban, with no difference in…
findings from a prospective cohort study
A prospective cohort analysis nested in the ASPREE trial and its extension study (17,834 older adults) examined whether elevated urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) or reduced eGFR predicted heart failure hospitalisation or death. Over a median 8.6-year…
a propensity-matched analysis.
In the EuroTR registry of 3,100 patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation, 30% also had moderate mitral regurgitation — associated with higher 2-year mortality (37% vs 23%). After propensity score matching (217 pairs), concomitant mitral TEER added to…
a systematic review and meta-analysis.
A systematic review and meta-analysis (21 studies, 23,613 genetically confirmed heterozygous FH patients, 3,489 cardiovascular events) showed independent associations between ASCVD and hypertension (effect size 0.41), male sex (0.33), smoking (0.32), Lp(a)…
A Norwegian cohort within the FH-FEMINA study followed 27 women with familial hypercholesterolaemia from 36 weeks of gestation until one year postpartum or end of breastfeeding. Median pregnancy-related off-treatment time per woman was 2.9 years (range…
a meta-analysis of randomized trials.
A meta-analysis of 139 heart failure RCTs (292,027 patients, 28.1% women) tested whether pharmacological efficacy differs by sex. Across 78 trials reporting sex-stratified results the primary-endpoint effect was identical in women and men (delta ln[REM] 0.00…
A registry-based emulated target trial of 1,006 AF patients with ischaemic stroke during DOAC therapy: 463 continued the same DOAC and 543 switched. After IPTW adjustment, 90-day net clinical benefit was 4.9% with switching versus 5.1% with continuation, a…
the Viborg Screening Program.
The Danish Viborg Screening Program invited all 67-year-olds for population-based screening (carotid plaque, lower-limb arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, hypertension, arrhythmia/ischaemia and diabetes). Across 5,412 invitees versus 16,236 matched…
An ERA-EDTA treatment-standard review on RAAS blockade across the kidney life cycle. ACE inhibitors, ARBs, direct renin inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists remain a cornerstone in proteinuric CKD and even in advanced stages, while benefit in…
the STOPSTORM.eu study.
The European STOPSTORM registry followed 193 patients (88% male, 53% non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy) treated with stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR) for refractory ventricular tachycardia. Among 107 patients with ≥6-month follow-up, median VT burden…
In a multinational double-blind RCT of 1670 patients with prior intracerebral haemorrhage, a once-daily low-dose triple pill (telmisartan 20 mg, amlodipine 2.5 mg and indapamide 1.25 mg) added to standard care reduced recurrent stroke by 39% (4.6% vs 7.4%; HR…
a cost-effective approach to healthy cardiovascular ageing
With annual ASCVD deaths projected to rise from 20.5 million (2025) to 35.6 million (2050), the authors make the Lancet case for earlier and longer primary prevention — aimed at slowing atheroma formation rather than intervening only once disease becomes…
EchoFocus-CHD is a multi-task AI model that automatically detects 12 critical and 8 non-critical congenital heart lesions on standard echocardiography. On an external cohort the model matched expert interpretation — with the promise of extending scarce…
Adverse pregnancy outcomes — hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, SGA — complicate nearly one in five pregnancies and are associated with both short- and long-term maternal CV risk. This review consolidates the growing consensus that…
Results from the Phase 2, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled CADENCE Study
In this phase 2, placebo-controlled trial (n=164), sotatercept lowered pulmonary vascular resistance at week 24 in patients with combined post- and pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension associated with HFpEF. The median placebo-adjusted decline was largest in…
A Non-Inferiority Randomized Trial
In this Italian multicenter RCT (n=636), a two-lead CRT-DX system with atrial sensing via a floating dipole on the RV lead was non-inferior to standard three-lead CRT-D on the 1-year composite of mortality, cardiovascular hospitalisation, and lead-related…
A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
This AHA scientific statement updates food-based guidance for cardiovascular health with seven practical pillars: energy balance, abundant vegetables and fruit, mostly whole grains, healthy protein sources, unsaturated over saturated fats, less…
The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
In 5,646 older ARIC participants (66–90), CKM syndrome staging using the AHA framework showed a clear gradient: higher stages tracked with greater echocardiographic remodelling and significantly increased incident heart failure over follow-up. The results…
Two new RCTs compare conduction system pacing (chiefly left bundle-branch area pacing) with conventional biventricular pacing in heart failure patients with LBBB. Earlier observational data suggested superior electrical resynchronisation and larger LVEF gains…
Essence–TIMI 73b Imaging Study
This CCTA sub-study of Essence-TIMI 73b showed that olezarsen — an APOC3 antisense oligonucleotide — lowered triglycerides by ~60% and remnant cholesterol by ~70%, with neutral LDL-C and ~15% apoB reduction. Over 12 months in patients with moderate…
This French multicenter randomized trial assessed whether adding low-dose rivaroxaban to dual antiplatelet therapy reduces left ventricular thrombus incidence at one month in anterior STEMI patients. The strategy targets a persistent problem: subclinical LV…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
The 2026 ACC/AHA dyslipidemia guideline retires the 2018 cholesterol document and broadens scope to hypertriglyceridemia and elevated lipoprotein(a). Non-HDL-C and apoB gain ground as secondary targets, LDL goals tighten for high-risk groups, and Lp(a) gets…
A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial
In this phase 2 double-blind randomized trial, memantine — an NMDA-receptor antagonist — suppressed premature atrial contractions in symptomatic adults with ≥1,000 PACs per 24 h. The result opens a genuinely new pharmacological route for atrial arrhythmia…
HEPARIN STEMI Randomized Controlled Trial
This single-center RCT in 593 STEMI patients found that unfractionated heparin (70–100 IU/kg) given at first medical contact — prior to PCI-center arrival — significantly improved TIMI 2–3 flow in the infarct-related artery at initial angiography compared…
revolutionizing remote monitoring and disease prevention.
This EHJ review maps the current landscape of wearables (smartwatches and activity trackers) in cardiovascular care, from lifestyle coaching to continuous monitoring of heart failure and arrhythmias. It highlights the main barriers — variability in device…
A Mendelian Randomization Study.
A phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation study in the UK Biobank (n=425,677) identified coronary artery disease (OR 1.36) and HbA1c (β 0.099) as the only direct, causal effects of Lp(a) exposure — independent of LDL-C. Very low Lp(a) was not linked to diabetes…
In the Japanese Hokuriku-Plus registry (n=386 heterozygous FH), 52% of patients underwent genetic testing. These patients achieved lower LDL-C (102 vs 130 mg/dL) and had 34% lower MACE risk (HR 0.66) even after adjusting for LDL-C over 3.9-year median…
This meta-analysis of 12 placebo-controlled trials (n=95,023) found GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced heart failure events by 12% (NNT 238), and by 19% (NNT 167) in patients without baseline HF. Semaglutide specifically reduced HF events by 16% overall and by…
the FINE-HEART pooled analysis.
This prespecified pooled analysis of FIDELIO-DKD, FIGARO-DKD and FINEARTS-HF (n=18,991) found women with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome were older, had more Stage 4 CKM disease, and received fewer guideline-recommended therapies (aspirin, statins…
In the UK Biobank (≈373,000 participants), Lp(a) ≥ 125 nmol/L was associated with incident venous thromboembolism in premenopausal women (aHR 1.32) and in postmenopausal women on menopausal hormone therapy (aHR 1.48), but not in postmenopausal women without…
Results From the VESALIUS-CV Trial.
This prespecified VESALIUS-CV subgroup (n=3655 diabetics with LDL-C ≥ 90 mg/dL and no established atherosclerosis) found that evolocumab on top of optimised statin therapy significantly reduced first MACE over a median 4.8 years of follow-up. The…
This prespecified CONFIDENCE analysis (n=790 with T2D, CKD and albuminuria) found the greatest acute day-14 eGFR decline with combination therapy (-6.6 mL/min) vs finerenone alone (-2.1) or empagliflozin alone (-4.8), but declines were reversible…
Using wrist-accelerometer data from 96,408 UK Biobank participants, a higher share of vigorous activity (%VPA) showed a non-linear inverse association with MACE, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, CKD, dementia and all-cause mortality — independent of…
In this randomized study, 59 overweight or obese patients with (mostly persistent) atrial fibrillation received three months of risk-factor modification with or without liraglutide before catheter ablation. The primary endpoint — reduction of left-atrial…
In CHAMPION-AF, 3,000 patients with non-valvular AF were randomized to WATCHMAN FLX LAA closure or NOAC therapy. At 36 months, the device was noninferior for the primary efficacy endpoint (stroke, CV death, systemic embolism: 5.7% vs 4.8%; P<0.001 for…
In the HI-PEITHO trial, 544 patients with acute intermediate-high-risk PE were randomized to ultrasound-facilitated catheter-directed fibrinolysis (EKOS) vs anticoagulation alone. The primary composite endpoint (PE-related death, cardiorespiratory…
Results from VESALIUS-CV
In a subgroup analysis of VESALIUS-CV, 3,655 patients with diabetes but no known significant atherosclerosis were followed for a median of 4.8 years. Evolocumab reduced 3-P MACE by 31% (HR 0.69; P=0.009) and 4-P MACE by 31% (HR 0.69; P=0.001). The effect…
In the Ez-PAVE trial, the first randomized head-to-head comparison of LDL-C targets, 3,048 patients with ASCVD were shown to have a 33% lower risk of cardiovascular events with a target of <55 mg/dL vs <70 mg/dL (HR 0.67; P=0.002). At 3 years, the primary…
Calcium release channel deficiency syndrome (CRCDS), caused by loss-of-function RYR2 variants, can lead to ventricular fibrillation without exercise test abnormalities. This study assessed the prevalence of potentially CRCDS-causing variants in idiopathic…
ex uno, plures
Kidney damage in type 2 diabetes is highly heterogeneous and poorly captured by traditional markers such as albuminuria and eGFR. This Kidney International review discusses how deep endotyping — integrating clinical trajectory analysis, renal histopathology…
Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO): navigating a rapidly changing landscape
KDIGO has published 17 kidney disease guidelines, but traditional full-revision cycles take years and lag behind rapidly evolving therapies such as SGLT2 inhibitors and finerenone. This article describes KDIGO's transition to modular, faster guideline updates…
Data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry.
NT-proBNP is widely used as an enrolment criterion in heart-failure trials, but cut-offs vary widely. Using the Swedish Heart Failure Registry (SwedeHF, 43,750 patients), the investigators applied prior-trial cut-offs (200–5,000 pg/mL) and computed the 1-year…
In the CLOSURE-AF trial, 912 patients with atrial fibrillation at high risk for both stroke and bleeding were randomized to catheter-based left atrial appendage closure or physician-directed best medical care. After a median follow-up of 3 years, LAA closure…
This European Heart Journal review examines how metabolic disorders — obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidaemia — drive cardiovascular risk through newly identified mechanisms. The authors highlight unexpected cardiovascular benefits from metabolic drug…
a paradigm of reverse cardio-oncology.
This EHJ review introduces 'reverse cardio-oncology': how cardiometabolic dysfunction — such as obesity — influences breast-cancer risk and biology through shared mechanisms (chronic inflammation, hormonal dysregulation, cellular senescence), even without…
2026 ACC Scientific Statement: A Report of the American College of Cardiology
In this scientific statement the American College of Cardiology charts the rise of gene and base editing as a therapeutic strategy in cardiovascular disease. It places the rapid advances — such as permanently switching off PCSK9 — in a broader context and…
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the heritability of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and their association with cardiovascular disease in adult offspring. Fifteen studies (266,244 participants, offspring aged 19-55) were pooled…
The obesity epidemic has heightened the impact of cardiometabolic risk factors on cardiovascular and kidney disease. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), originally developed for type 2 diabetes, reduce cardiovascular and renal…
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) drives symptoms in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM). Some patients show treatment-qualifying obstruction only during exercise echocardiography. In this single-centre retrospective cohort (56…
The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a surrogate marker of insulin resistance. In early stages of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome a higher TyG index is linked to more events, but its value in critically ill patients with CKM stage 4 was…
An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.
This individual participant data meta-analysis showed that systemic inflammatory markers (IL-6 and hsCRP) predict recurrent vascular events after AF-related stroke, irrespective of AF status. The findings support including AF patients in future trials of…
How multiple types of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) across reproductive life jointly affect long-term cardiovascular risk is little studied. In 59,154 parous women from the Nurses' Health Study II, lifetime history of gestational diabetes, gestational…
SGLT2 inhibitors are one of the four pillars of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) treatment. After dapagliflozin's 2020 approval, real-world data are relevant for clinicians and payers. EVOLUTION-HF CEE-BA is an observational, longitudinal…
A Multicohort Study
This multicohort study demonstrated that coronary artery calcium scoring remains a useful ASCVD risk assessment tool in individuals with elevated lipoprotein(a). CAC provides incremental risk stratification even when Lp(a) is elevated, supporting its use in…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
The 2026 ACC/AHA dyslipidemia guideline introduces a universal LDL-cholesterol target of <100 mg/dL for primary prevention and <55 mg/dL for very-high-risk secondary prevention. The guideline endorses earlier initiation of lipid-lowering therapy, Lp(a)…
findings from the EPIC-CAD trial.
This study documented the adverse consequences of off-label edoxaban underdosing in AF patients, showing increased thrombotic risk without meaningful bleeding reduction, reinforcing adherence to approved dosing criteria.
Sarcomere variants are a major cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and are associated with worse prognosis. In this longitudinal multicentre study from the SHaRe registry (6,120 genotyped HCM patients, 50% sarcomeric, median follow-up 5.3 years), the…
the SEMA-VR CardioLink-15 trial.
This translational study showed that semaglutide mobilizes anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative progenitor cells from the bone marrow, providing a novel mechanistic explanation for the cardiovascular benefit of GLP-1 receptor agonists.
This comprehensive Lancet Seminar provides a state-of-the-art overview of atrial fibrillation, covering its rising global prevalence of 37.6 million affected individuals, the impact of wearable device-based detection, contemporary management strategies…
a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
The Bax24 phase 3 trial confirmed that baxdrostat significantly reduces ambulatory blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. The results replicate the earlier phase 2 findings and advance aldosterone synthase inhibition toward clinical…
recent advances and current challenges: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference
This KDIGO consensus conference summary addressed the intersection of heart failure and chronic kidney disease, reviewing advances in cardiorenal understanding and the challenges of managing patients with both conditions, including the role of SGLT2…
does one size fit all?
This EHJ editorial discussed the choice between DOACs and vitamin K antagonists for frail elderly AF patients, reviewing the emerging evidence supporting safe transition to NOACs even in the most vulnerable anticoagulation population.
the STRIDE trial.
This EHJ article presented STRIDE trial subanalyses of semaglutide in patients with peripheral artery disease and diabetes stratified by baseline disease severity and age, informing the use of GLP-1 agonists in the PAD population.
This phase 2 trial of enlicitide, an oral PCSK9 inhibitor, showed significant LDL cholesterol reduction. As the first oral PCSK9 inhibitor in clinical development, enlicitide could dramatically expand access to advanced lipid-lowering therapy.
This NEJM phase 3 trial demonstrated that finerenone improved kidney outcomes in patients with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, extending the benefit of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism beyond the type 2 diabetes population. The…
This analysis from the Spanish ABPM registry explored the interplay between age, sex, clinic and ambulatory blood pressure values, and cardiovascular mortality, providing insights into sex-specific blood pressure targets.
This NEJM editorial discussed the implications of finerenone for diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes, evaluating whether the cardiorenal benefit extends beyond the type 2 diabetes population.
This NEJM article evaluated the role of aspirin after PCI in acute coronary syndromes in light of contemporary de-escalation evidence from TWILIGHT, T-PASS, and STOPDAPT trials, addressing the shifting paradigm toward aspirin-free antiplatelet strategies.
This NEJM article discussed optimal blood pressure targets in hypertension management, reviewing the evidence from SPRINT, STEP, and ESPRIT that supports lower targets while addressing the clinical challenges of implementing aggressive blood pressure control.
An FDA-approved AI tool detects heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) from echocardiographic images (apical 4-chamber), without other clinical data. In this external validation (47 patients with unexplained dyspnoea who underwent both echo…
Patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have markedly reduced exercise capacity with poorly understood, multifactorial causes. In this Dutch two-site study (58 HFpEF patients, 16 controls), in-vivo 31phosphorus MR spectroscopy…
a phase 1 trial.
YOLT-101 is an in vivo gene therapy that uses adenine base editing — delivered via GalNAc-modified lipid nanoparticles — to inactivate PCSK9 for durable LDL lowering. In this ongoing phase 1 trial, six adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia…
a 20-year propensity matched analysis
This study examined sex differences in isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) over 20 years (2001-2021) at a single centre, with 1:1 propensity score matching (2,573 women vs 2,573 men). Women were older and more often had class III-IV angina…
This JACC guideline-at-a-glance provides a concise visual summary of the 2026 acute pulmonary embolism guideline, distilling the key recommendations into an accessible reference format for rapid clinical decision-making.
Yield, Interventions, and SCA/SCD Incidence in 104,369 Young Individuals
This large-scale screening study of over 104,000 young individuals for conditions associated with sudden cardiac death evaluated the diagnostic yield, interventions triggered, and subsequent incidence of sudden cardiac arrest, informing the ongoing debate…
Time to Sound the Battle CRY?
This JACC commentary discussed the implications of the CRY cardiac screening study in young individuals, debating the value and limitations of population-level cardiac screening programs for sudden cardiac death prevention.
A Prospective Multicenter Study
This prospective multicenter study compared the diagnostic accuracy of the ESC 0/1-hour high-sensitivity troponin algorithm with standard evaluation for patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndromes, assessing real-world performance of the rapid…
A Multicenter, Open-Label, Blinded-Outcome Randomized Controlled Trial
This multicenter randomized trial evaluated Baduanjin, a traditional Chinese exercise form, for blood pressure reduction in individuals with high-normal blood pressure, testing a culturally appropriate lifestyle intervention for hypertension prevention.
A Multinational Pooled Analysis of DANFLU-2 and GALFLU (FLUNITY-HD)
This multinational pooled analysis of the DANFLU-2 and GALFLU trials evaluated the effect of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccination on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, addressing whether enhanced…
This study examined the long-term cardiovascular effects of early, delayed, or interrupted lipid-lowering treatment in children with familial hypercholesterolemia, providing evidence for the importance of early and continuous treatment initiation.
Six-year outcomes from the comparison of transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in low-risk patients with aortic stenosis demonstrated sustained comparable results, providing long-term reassurance about TAVR durability in this population.
This JACC commentary discussed the risk-treatment paradox in chronic kidney disease, where patients at highest cardiovascular risk are least likely to receive evidence-based therapies including SGLT2 inhibitors and statins.
This JACC analysis examined the time course of cardiovascular and kidney benefits with finerenone in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes, characterizing how quickly the cardiorenal protection emerges after treatment…
This Journal Club discussed the clinical implications of the VALIANT trial results from the New England Journal of Medicine, addressing contemporary treatment approaches in nephrology.
A Prespecified Analysis of the Phase 2b AZALEA-TIMI 71 Trial.
This AZALEA-TIMI 71 subanalysis confirmed that abelacimab provides less bleeding than rivaroxaban in older AF patients, the population at highest bleeding risk with conventional anticoagulants.
epidemiology, mechanisms, and management.
This European Heart Journal review describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of heart failure in the elderly, highlighting that the lifetime risk exceeds 25% after age 70. The article addresses the challenges of polypharmacy, frailty, and…
A Propensity-Matched Real-World Study.
This real-world propensity-matched study showed that combining finerenone with SGLT2 inhibitors provides additive cardiorenal benefits in diabetic CKD compared with SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy, supporting dual neurohormonal and metabolic protection.
This post-hoc CREDENCE analysis showed that SGLT2 inhibition remains safe and effective when eGFR declines below 20 mL/min, supporting continuation of therapy in patients with severely reduced kidney function rather than discontinuation at an arbitrary eGFR…
a Korean nationwide study.
This Korean nationwide study showed that switching from well-managed warfarin to DOACs in frail elderly patients with atrial fibrillation was associated with similar or improved outcomes. The real-world evidence supports transitioning to DOACs even in the…
This European Heart Journal study demonstrated that carotid plaque macrophage burden and inflammatory lipid-associated macrophage markers independently predict secondary major adverse cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors. The findings link…
A Randomized Clinical Trial
This randomized trial investigated whether intensive blood pressure control preserves cognitive function in an East Asian population, addressing the uncertainty about aggressive BP targets and brain health in this demographic.
The APERITIF Randomized Clinical Trial.
The APERITIF randomized trial investigated whether adding low-dose rivaroxaban to dual antiplatelet therapy prevents left ventricular thrombus formation after anterior acute myocardial infarction.
a prospective cohort study.
This prospective cohort study in Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology examined the combined effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and eight healthy lifestyle factors on cardiovascular outcomes. The findings demonstrate additive benefit, with the combination of…
A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
This AHA scientific statement provided forecasts for cardiovascular disease and stroke prevalence in women through 2050, highlighting projected increases driven by aging, obesity, and diabetes, and informing prevention strategies targeting women's…
the ESC HF III registry.
The ESC Heart Failure III Registry followed 10,162 patients across 41 countries with HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF, providing contemporary real-world data on in-hospital and 1-year outcomes across the heart failure spectrum in routine clinical practice.
An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of 71 683 Participants Randomized to NOAC Versus Warfarin.
This individual patient data meta-analysis of over 71,000 AF patients characterized systemic embolic events, showing that NOACs effectively prevent both stroke and non-cerebral embolism compared with warfarin.
A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
This AHA scientific statement addressed malnutrition and cachexia in patients with acute cardiovascular conditions beyond heart failure, covering assessment, management, and the impact of nutritional status on clinical outcomes across the spectrum of acute…
A Target Trial Emulation
This target trial emulation using Swedish population data compared GLP-1 receptor agonists with DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors for heart failure hospitalization risk in type 2 diabetes, providing real-world comparative effectiveness data for…
This study used accelerometry to objectively measure physical activity in HCM patients, showing that reduced activity levels are associated with worse quality of life and challenging the assumption that exercise restriction improves safety.
an analysis from the FLOW randomized clinical trial.
This FLOW trial analysis showed that semaglutide reduces the risk of COVID-19 and other infections in patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD, demonstrating an unexpected anti-infectious benefit of GLP-1 receptor agonism.
This Circulation Heart Failure review addressed strategies for mitigating kidney dysfunction after heart transplantation, covering recipient risk factors, perioperative management, and therapeutic approaches to preserve renal function.
A Propensity-Matched Nationwide Database Analysis.
This US nationwide database analysis showed that diabetes significantly increases the risk of heart failure in patients hospitalized with myocarditis, highlighting the adverse interaction between metabolic disease and myocardial inflammation.
a randomised controlled trial.
The PATHFINDER trial tested a combined intervention of inpatient education, a discharge plan with cardiac rehabilitation referral, and primary care support for heart failure, evaluating implementation strategies for guideline adherence.
the top 10 papers in ischaemic heart disease.
This European Heart Journal annual review highlighted the top 10 papers of 2025 in ischemic heart disease, providing an expert-curated summary of the most impactful developments in coronary artery disease research.
the IASO-DCM trial.
The IASO-DCM trial investigated immunoadsorption as a treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy with cardiac autoantibodies, exploring a novel immunomodulatory approach to this form of heart failure.
This Canadian simulation study compared the cost-effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors versus GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes with high cardiovascular risk, informing formulary and reimbursement decisions for cardiometabolic therapy.
the Lp(a)FRONTIERS APHERESIS trial.
The Lp(a)FRONTIERS APHERESIS trial investigated whether pelacarsen can reduce the need for lipoprotein apheresis in patients with elevated Lp(a) and established cardiovascular disease. The study addresses a critical question about the potential of…
a study from the UK Biobank cohort
Classical risk scores such as Framingham and SCORE sometimes fall short due to their limited variable set. In this study, machine learning was used to develop a comprehensive cardiovascular risk model from the UK Biobank (240,644 participants), combining…
This comprehensive review examined the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic interplay in AF patients on DOACs, exploring how CKM syndrome affects anticoagulation efficacy, safety, and dosing decisions.
The 7-year PARTNER 3 results confirmed comparable outcomes between TAVR and surgical aortic valve replacement in low-risk patients, with maintained valve durability and no excess structural deterioration. These are the longest-term data supporting TAVR across…
This European Heart Journal review addressed conduction disturbances after TAVI, covering the predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation, the impact on long-term outcomes, and strategies for minimizing conduction complications during transcatheter valve…
This NEJM review provided a comprehensive update on secondary prevention after ischemic stroke, covering modifiable risk factors, mechanism-specific therapies, and contemporary evidence on anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, and lipid lowering for…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
The 2026 AHA/ACC multisociety guideline provides comprehensive, de novo recommendations for the evaluation and management of acute pulmonary embolism in adults, covering risk stratification, anticoagulation, thrombolysis, catheter-directed therapy, and…
This NEJM review article synthesizes the current evidence on beta-blocker use after myocardial infarction, reflecting the paradigm shift from routine long-term therapy to an evidence-based approach where beta-blockers are no longer mandatory when ejection…
This NEJM article discussed gene therapy as a treatment option for nephropathic cystinosis, a rare lysosomal storage disorder affecting kidney function, exploring the potential for curative genetic intervention.
This NDT discussion addressed the clinical question of whether albuminuria or proteinuria is the preferred measurement in glomerular disease and CKD, informing the standardization of kidney disease monitoring.
This Circulation study used large-scale, high-throughput proteomics to identify novel plasma protein markers associated with venous thromboembolism risk, advancing the molecular understanding of VTE pathogenesis.
a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
This meta-analysis of randomized trials compared early versus late anticoagulation initiation after acute ischemic stroke in AF patients, providing the pooled evidence to guide the timing of DOAC start after cerebrovascular events.
This Kidney International review addressed the safety of kidney-preserving medications during breastfeeding, providing practical guidance for CKD women on which cardiovascular and renal therapies are compatible with lactation.
Exercise stress testing (EST) is widely used for risk stratification in coronary artery disease (CAD) but yields inconclusive results in up to 20%. Stress perfusion CMR is an accurate alternative, but data after inconclusive EST were limited. In this study…
The Cross-Cohort Collaboration
This prospective cross-cohort analysis showed that not only obesity but particularly its severity is strongly predictive of multiple cardiovascular outcomes, with a graded relationship across the full BMI spectrum.
the ANDAMAN trial.
The ANDAMAN trial tested higher aspirin dosing in ACS patients with suspected aspirin resistance, evaluating whether dose escalation overcomes inadequate platelet inhibition in diabetes and high-risk patients.
a randomized controlled trial.
This randomized trial confirmed that integrated personalized lifestyle interventions (weight management, fitness, sleep optimization, alcohol reduction) significantly improve catheter ablation outcomes for atrial fibrillation.
the VICTOR trial.
The VICTOR trial analysis confirmed that vericiguat reduces mortality in patients with HFrEF and recent decompensation. The mortality benefit adds to the heart failure event reduction shown in VICTORIA, strengthening vericiguat's position in…
A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
This AHA scientific statement described criteria for assessing the predictive and clinical utility of novel cardiovascular risk models, biomarkers, and tools, providing a methodological framework for evaluating new risk assessment technologies.
a target trial emulation.
This target trial emulation compared renal and urothelial cancer risks between SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes, addressing an important safety question for these widely prescribed cardiometabolic agents.
This Lancet review described new drug therapies for hypertension targeting novel physiological pathways including aldosterone synthase inhibition, endothelin antagonism, and RNA interference-based angiotensinogen silencing, addressing the unmet need for…
2025 ACC Concise Clinical Guidance.
This 2025 ACC clinical guidance for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy provides structured recommendations for diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment including tafamidis. The document addresses the growing recognition and improved detection of this…
A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
This AHA scientific statement reviewed the emerging evidence on clonal hematopoiesis and its cardiovascular implications, describing how somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells drive inflammation and increase cardiovascular risk independent of…
The EXCEL Trial
This EXCEL analysis compared rates and prognostic implications of spontaneous MI after PCI versus CABG for left main disease, providing granular data on the long-term ischemic risk profile of each revascularization strategy.
A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
This AHA scientific statement addressed the emerging convergence between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer, driven by shared risk factors, overlapping pathophysiology, and the cardiovascular toxicity of cancer therapies.
Focus on Albuminuria.
This review assessed the renoprotective effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists with specific focus on albuminuria reduction, positioning these agents as important kidney-protective therapies alongside SGLT2 inhibitors in the personalized medicine era.
This study demonstrated that insulin resistance compromises the pentose phosphate pathway and impairs LVAD-mediated cardiac recovery, explaining why diabetic patients have worse myocardial recovery during mechanical support.
This study showed that the ALDH2 rs671 variant, present in 30-50% of East Asians, enhances platelet activation and arterial thrombosis, explaining the increased MI risk in carriers of this common genetic polymorphism.
This NEJM review summarises how genetic research has reshaped the understanding, treatment, prevention and risk prediction of coronary artery disease. Monogenic causes occur in roughly 1 in 250 people and usually produce markedly elevated lipid levels. At the…
Enlicitide decanoate, an oral PCSK9 inhibitor, was tested in this multinational double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 2,909 adults with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (LDL ≥55 mg/dL) or at risk of a first event (LDL ≥70 mg/dL)…
results from a 24-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
This phase 2 trial of efimosfermin alfa (FGF21 analogue) showed favorable tolerability in patients with MASH and F2/F3 fibrosis. The results support further development of metabolic therapies targeting the liver-cardiovascular axis.
This Lancet publication addresses basilar artery occlusion, the most severe presentation of large-vessel ischemic stroke, with new randomized and observational evidence supporting intravenous tenecteplase therapy within an extended 24-hour treatment window.
a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, superiority, phase 3 trial
The TRACE-5 trial demonstrated that intravenous tenecteplase within 24 hours improved functional outcomes in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke due to basilar artery occlusion. The results support thrombolysis as an effective treatment for this devastating…
evidence from European and Asian cohorts.
This post-hoc analysis of European and Asian-Pacific AF registries showed that physical activity levels are associated with different clinical characteristics and outcomes in AF patients, supporting exercise recommendations across diverse populations.
This study evaluated semaglutide as adjunctive therapy to catheter ablation in obese patients with paroxysmal AF, testing whether GLP-1 receptor agonist-mediated weight loss improves ablation outcomes in obesity-related arrhythmia.
This 2025 EHRA position paper addressed the contemporary management of AF in patients with cancer, providing practical guidance for the complex decisions around anticoagulation, rate/rhythm control, and drug interactions in this dual-disease population.
a report from a global federated research network.
This federated research network analysis provided the first direct comparison of semaglutide versus tirzepatide in patients with obesity and HFpEF, comparing real-world outcomes of these two leading incretin therapies.
The DARE-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.
The DARE-AF trial demonstrated that dapagliflozin reduces early AF recurrence after catheter ablation. The finding suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors may have antiarrhythmic properties that complement ablation therapy.
This study evaluated SGLT2 inhibitor use and cardiorenal outcomes in patients with both type 2 diabetes and liver cirrhosis, providing safety and efficacy data for this high-risk and typically excluded population.
Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
This study demonstrated that dapagliflozin improves vascular stiffness and cardiorenal markers in patients at cardiovascular risk regardless of diabetes status, providing mechanistic support for the universal cardiorenal protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors.
REDEFINE 1.
The REDEFINE 1 analysis showed that CagriSema (cagrilintide plus semaglutide) significantly reduces blood pressure in adults with overweight or obesity, with the antihypertensive effect adding to the metabolic and weight-loss benefits.
This interrupted time-series analysis evaluated the clinical implications of switching high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays, showing that assay changes affect diagnostic rates and patient management in acute care.
This SELECT prespecified analysis showed that semaglutide reduces total hospital admissions and length of stay in patients with obesity and established cardiovascular disease, demonstrating healthcare utilization benefits beyond cardiovascular event reduction.
This meta-analysis of four randomized trials confirmed that beta-blockers after MI in patients with preserved ejection fraction do not improve cardiovascular outcomes. The consolidated evidence definitively supports discontinuation in this population.
An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of 71 683 Participants Randomized to NOAC Versus Warfarin
This individual patient data meta-analysis characterized the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of systemic embolic events in AF, demonstrating that DOACs effectively prevent both stroke and non-cerebral embolism compared with warfarin.
5-year outcomes following TAVI versus conservative treatment
Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings guide treatment decisions in aortic stenosis (AS), especially for borderline or high-risk patients. This retrospective study followed all patients with severe AS discussed at a UK MDT between 2014 and 2016 (178 TAVI, 195…
a nationwide register-based study in Sweden
Contemporary data on patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI) are scarce. In this nationwide Swedish study (49,564 patients from the SWEDEHEART registry, first MI, 2011-2018, no prior heart failure), patients were stratified…
A New Perspective From the Master@Heart Study
This study used wearable device-derived training load data to investigate the relationship between exercise volume and coronary atherosclerosis in middle-aged and older athletes, addressing the paradox of increased coronary plaque in endurance athletes.
This trial evaluated olezarsen specifically in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis risk, demonstrating dramatic triglyceride reduction and pancreatitis prevention. The APOC3-targeted antisense therapy offers a definitive solution for…
a commentary from the European Renal Best Practice (ERBP).
This ERA commentary on the KDIGO 2026 anemia in CKD guideline discussed the substantial updates including new recommendations for intravenous iron, HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, and ESA targets in the contemporary treatment landscape.
The NEO-MINDSET Substudy.
The NEO-MINDSET substudy showed that potent P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after very early aspirin withdrawal is noninferior to DAPT after PCI in STEMI patients, with fewer bleeding events. The result extends the de-escalation strategy to the acute STEMI…
a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
This updated meta-analysis of all colchicine trials in acute coronary syndromes confirmed significant MACE reduction with an acceptable safety profile. The anti-inflammatory concept in ACS is now supported by robust pooled evidence.
stay on, restart.
This NDT article emphasized that RAS inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors should not be discontinued in CKD patients, showing that drug stewardship programs focusing on continuation and restart of these cornerstone therapies improve outcomes.
This randomized trial investigated the optimal antithrombotic regimen after successful catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, addressing whether successful ablation eliminates the need for long-term oral anticoagulation.
A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association
The 2026 AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics report provides comprehensive global data on cardiovascular disease burden, trends, risk factors, and outcomes, serving as the definitive annual reference for cardiovascular epidemiology.
A Meta-Analysis.
This JAMA meta-analysis confirmed that SGLT2 inhibitors improve kidney outcomes across the entire spectrum of glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria. The universal renoprotective effect supports SGLT2 inhibitor use in virtually all patients with or at…
The ES-BempedACS Randomized Clinical Trial.
The ES-BempedACS trial showed that triple lipid-lowering therapy (statin + ezetimibe + bempedoic acid) achieves lower LDL levels faster than dual therapy after ACS. The early intensive approach may reduce residual cardiovascular risk in the vulnerable…
Acting Locally for Global Impact in a Changing World: A Statement of the European Society of Cardiology, the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the World Heart Federation
This AHA statement described how environmental stressors — air pollution, extreme temperatures, noise, and climate change — contribute to cardiovascular disease globally. The document provided a framework for integrating environmental health into…
A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
This AHA scientific statement addressed the socioeconomic and structural barriers to obesity prevention and treatment in communities, highlighting how poverty, food insecurity, and built environment disproportionately affect cardiovascular health in…
metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal benefits
This comprehensive Lancet review describes how GLP-1 receptor agonists, originally developed for type 2 diabetes, have expanded into cardiovascular prevention, obesity treatment, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and chronic kidney disease. The…
A Randomized Clinical Trial.
This phase 3 trial demonstrated that enlicitide, an oral PCSK9 inhibitor, significantly reduced LDL cholesterol in adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. An oral daily tablet offers a practical alternative to injectable PCSK9-lowering…
A Retrospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Center
This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose spironolactone in primary aldosteronism, showing that reduced doses may achieve adequate blood pressure and potassium control with fewer side effects.
This study identified CXCR6+ T cells as key drivers of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis, particularly with combination ICI therapy including anti-LAG-3 agents. The mechanistic insight may guide future prevention and treatment strategies for…
The GoFresh Randomized Clinical Trial.
The GoFresh randomized trial showed that home delivery of DASH-patterned groceries improves dietary quality and lowers blood pressure in Black adults, demonstrating that removing food access barriers translates to measurable health benefit.
The ANDES Randomized Clinical Trial.
This trial compared short-term anticoagulation with DAPT for preventing device thrombosis after LAA closure, providing the first randomized comparison of antithrombotic strategies in the early post-LAAC period.
a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial.
The ATTAIN-2 trial demonstrated that orforglipron, an oral GLP-1 receptor agonist, achieved approximately 15% weight loss in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. These definitive phase 3 results position daily oral GLP-1 therapy as a practical…
This NEJM trial compared tirzepatide with dulaglutide head-to-head on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes, providing the first direct comparison of dual versus single incretin agonism for cardiovascular protection.
The IMPROVE-DiCE phase 2a trial evaluated ninerafaxstat, a novel agent designed to improve diabetic cardiac energetics, in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy. The study explores a new therapeutic mechanism targeting myocardial metabolism.
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
The 2025 ACC/AHA/HRS/ISACHD/SCAI guideline for adults with congenital heart disease (Circulation edition) provides comprehensive, updated recommendations covering surgical indications, electrophysiology management, pregnancy counseling, and lifelong follow-up…
An Updated Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
This updated systematic review and network meta-analysis of pharmacological HFrEF treatment confirmed that the four-pillar combination (SGLT2i + ARNI + beta-blocker + MRA) provides the optimal mortality and hospitalization reduction, with quantified…
Extended Follow-Up Analysis of DANISH.
Extended DANISH follow-up confirmed that ICDs in nonischemic HFrEF do not provide significant long-term survival benefit, even with over a decade of follow-up. The persistent negative result reinforces the debate about ICD indications in nonischemic…
an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised trials.
This individual patient data meta-analysis from the Complete Revascularisation Trialists provided definitive evidence that complete revascularization reduces cardiovascular death and MI compared with culprit-only PCI in patients with acute MI and multivessel…
A Subanalysis of the ARTESiA Randomized Clinical Trial.
This ARTESIA subanalysis detailed the major bleeding events with apixaban versus aspirin in subclinical AF, characterizing the bleeding types and clinical consequences that inform the anticoagulation risk-benefit discussion.
The ARREST-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.
The ARREST-AF study confirmed that aggressive risk factor reduction (weight loss, fitness improvement, sleep apnea treatment) significantly improves catheter ablation outcomes in AF patients, establishing upstream therapy as an essential adjunct to ablation.
A Registry-Based, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study.
This study validated biomarker-based ABC-AF risk scores for personalized treatment decisions in AF, showing that prospective application of these scores improves clinical outcomes compared with standard care.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients.
This comprehensive meta-analysis of 9 GLP-1 receptor agonist trials summarized all cardiovascular effects and tolerability data, confirming the class-wide benefit on MACE, heart failure, and kidney outcomes with a defined side effect profile.
Primary Results of the DAPA ACT HF-TIMI 68 Randomized Clinical Trial and Meta-Analysis of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure.
The DAPA ACT HF-TIMI 68 trial showed that dapagliflozin initiated during heart failure hospitalization was safe and reduced heart failure events. The results support the growing evidence for in-hospital SGLT2 inhibitor initiation during acute heart failure…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology.
This ACC scientific statement provided a structured framework for obesity management in adults with heart failure, integrating evidence on GLP-1 receptor agonists, tirzepatide, and bariatric surgery as disease-modifying interventions for the obesity-heart…
This additional definitive trial confirmed that beta-blockers after MI in patients without heart failure do not reduce cardiovascular events or mortality. The overwhelming concordant evidence now firmly supports discontinuing routine post-MI beta-blocker…
This definitive meta-analysis confirmed that beta-blockers after myocardial infarction without reduced ejection fraction provide no cardiovascular benefit. Together with ABYSS and REDUCE-AMI, the analysis ends the era of routine long-term beta-blocker therapy…
The FLUNITY-HD Prespecified Pooled Analysis
This FLUNITY-HD pooled analysis of over 466,000 older adults demonstrated that high-dose influenza vaccine provides superior cardiovascular protection compared with standard-dose vaccine. The data support preferential use of high-dose formulations in elderly…
This phase 3 trial demonstrated that orforglipron, an oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist, produced dose-dependent weight loss of up to 15% in adults with obesity, comparable to subcutaneous semaglutide. An effective oral GLP-1 agonist could transform…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.
Simultaneous Circulation edition of the 2025 AHA/ACC hypertension guideline with updated definitions (130/80 mmHg), combination therapy emphasis, and home blood pressure monitoring recommendations.
A Prespecified Analysis of the AZALEA-TIMI 71 Randomized Clinical Trial.
This AZALEA-TIMI 71 subanalysis confirmed that abelacimab maintains its favorable safety profile across different levels of kidney function in AF, supporting FXI inhibition as a safer anticoagulation option in CKD.
6-Year Results of the STEP Trial.
Six-year STEP follow-up confirmed the durable benefit of intensive blood pressure control (SBP <130 mmHg) in older patients with hypertension. The sustained cardiovascular advantage supports long-term commitment to lower blood pressure targets in the elderly.
A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of the ESPRIT Trial.
This ESPRIT subanalysis showed that intensive blood pressure control significantly reduces stroke risk, with the greatest benefit in patients with the highest baseline blood pressure. The data support aggressive targets specifically for stroke prevention.
This NEJM study examined the optimal timing of nonculprit lesion PCI in patients with myocardial infarction and multivessel disease, comparing immediate complete revascularization during the index procedure with a deferred staged approach.
The 7-year follow-up of TAVR versus surgery in low-risk aortic stenosis patients showed durable outcomes for transcatheter intervention, with mortality and stroke rates remaining comparable to surgical aortic valve replacement. These long-term data support…
This NEJM study examined whether adding aspirin to oral anticoagulation benefits patients with chronic coronary syndrome, finding that OAC monotherapy is sufficient without additional antiplatelet therapy in stable disease.
the HELP-PCI trial.
This study evaluated whether early heparin administration at first medical contact improves STEMI outcomes compared with administration immediately before PCI, informing the timing of antithrombotic therapy in acute MI care pathways.
The ALONE-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.
The ALONE-AF trial investigated whether anticoagulation can be safely discontinued after successful catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. The study addresses one of the most consequential unresolved questions in AF management.
This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of baxdrostat in patients with both uncontrolled and resistant hypertension. The aldosterone synthase inhibitor demonstrated consistent blood pressure reduction across these challenging treatment populations.
an individual patient-level meta-analysis.
This individual patient data meta-analysis evaluated LAA occlusion in patients with end-stage renal disease and AF, showing feasibility and potential effectiveness in this high-risk population with limited anticoagulation options.
conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference
This KDIGO conference addressed the complex relationship between obesity and CKD, providing consensus conclusions on the direct and indirect mechanisms linking excess adiposity to kidney disease progression and cardiovascular risk.
A Pooled Analysis.
This pooled analysis suggested that obicetrapib may reduce MACE in high-risk patients, providing the first signal of clinical cardiovascular benefit from a CETP inhibitor after decades of setbacks with earlier agents in this class.
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.
The 2025 AHA/ACC hypertension guideline (Hypertension edition) redefines high blood pressure at 130/80 mmHg, endorses combination therapy as first-line treatment, and prioritizes out-of-office blood pressure measurement. The guideline reflects convergence…
This study showed that adding dapagliflozin to IV loop diuretics in acute heart failure accelerates pulmonary congestion relief, supporting early SGLT2 inhibitor initiation as an adjunctive decongestion strategy.
This NEJM trial showed that digitoxin reduced heart failure hospitalization in patients with HFrEF receiving contemporary guideline-directed medical therapy. The result repositions cardiac glycosides as a useful adjunct in the modern era of quadruple therapy…
an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
The NEWTON-CABG trial showed that evolocumab improved saphenous vein graft patency after CABG through intensive LDL cholesterol lowering. The finding establishes aggressive lipid therapy as a graft-protective strategy after coronary bypass surgery.
This phase 3 NEJM trial demonstrated that orforglipron, an oral GLP-1 receptor agonist, significantly improved HbA1c and body weight in patients with early type 2 diabetes. The results confirm the efficacy of oral nonpeptide GLP-1 agonism as a practical…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.
The 2025 AHA/ACC hypertension guideline lowered the definition of hypertension to 130/80 mmHg, converging with the 2024 ESC guidelines. The document emphasizes home blood pressure monitoring, initial combination therapy, and integrates GLP-1 receptor agonists…
an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
This individual patient data meta-analysis examined beta-blockers after MI with mildly reduced ejection fraction (40-49%), a gray zone between preserved and reduced EF. The data suggest a modest benefit in this subgroup, informing the nuanced decision about…
This NEJM trial evaluated multidomain rehabilitation (physical, cognitive, nutritional, psychosocial) in older patients after MI. The comprehensive approach improved functional outcomes, supporting holistic rehabilitation for elderly cardiac patients.
A Prespecified Stratification-Based Analysis.
This SUMMIT analysis confirmed that tirzepatide's benefit in HFpEF is consistent regardless of type 2 diabetes status, showing that the dual incretin agonist works through obesity-related mechanisms independent of glycemic effects.
the CENTURY trial.
The CENTURY randomized trial tested a comprehensive strategy integrating coronary flow capacity-guided revascularization with intensive lifestyle modification against usual care for chronic coronary disease, exploring a physiologically optimized management…
insights from the ARTESiA trial.
This cost-effectiveness analysis showed that apixaban is cost-effective compared with aspirin for thromboembolic prevention in high-risk patients with subclinical AF, supporting anticoagulation in device-detected arrhythmia.
A Secondary Analysis of the EAST-AFNET 4 Randomized Clinical Trial.
This EAST-AFNET 4 subanalysis confirmed that the benefit of early rhythm control in AF is consistent in patients with and without diabetes and obesity, supporting universal early rhythm management.
the CSP-SYNC randomized single centre study.
The CSP-SYNC trial comparing conduction system pacing (His bundle or left bundle branch area) with biventricular pacing for CRT showed that conduction system pacing is noninferior and potentially superior. The results support physiologic pacing as a viable…
a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
This comprehensive meta-analysis quantified the blood pressure-lowering efficacy of all antihypertensive drug classes and their combinations, providing an evidence-based reference for estimating expected blood pressure reduction with different regimens.
the PREVENT trial.
Long-term PREVENT data confirmed the benefit of preventive PCI for vulnerable plaques identified by IVUS/OCT in diabetic patients. The paradigm of treating non-flow-limiting high-risk lesions continues to gain evidence.
This pivotal trial of CagriSema (cagrilintide plus semaglutide) in adults with overweight or obesity demonstrated up to 25% body weight reduction, substantially exceeding semaglutide monotherapy. The amylin–GLP-1 combination represents the most effective…
The COMBINE-AF Substudy.
This COMBINE-AF analysis showed that switching from warfarin to a NOAC in older AF patients is associated with improved outcomes compared with remaining on warfarin, supporting anticoagulant modernization even in the elderly.
The SOGALDI-PEF Trial.
This analysis showed that combining SGLT2 inhibitors with aldosterone antagonists in HFpEF provides additive cardiovascular benefit beyond either drug class alone, supporting the emerging four-pillar approach for preserved ejection fraction heart failure.
A Prespecified Analysis of the AZALEA-TIMI 71 Trial.
This AZALEA-TIMI 71 subanalysis confirmed that abelacimab causes less bleeding than rivaroxaban even in AF patients on concurrent antiplatelet therapy, the highest-bleeding-risk scenario for anticoagulation.
The Launch-HTN Randomized Clinical Trial.
Phase 3 results of lorundrostat confirmed significant blood pressure reduction in both uncontrolled and treatment-resistant hypertension. The aldosterone synthase inhibitor class is now supported by multiple positive phase 3 trials.
The SUMMIT Trial.
This SUMMIT analysis confirmed that tirzepatide benefits HFpEF patients consistently regardless of BMI, central adiposity measures, or degree of weight loss achieved, supporting the drug across the obesity spectrum.
the ASCOT-Legacy 20-year follow-up.
The ASCOT-Legacy 20-year follow-up showed that cardiovascular benefits of atorvastatin remain measurable two decades after the original trial, demonstrating one of the longest legacy effects of statin therapy ever documented.
A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial.
The COOPERATIVE-PFA three-arm randomized trial directly compared pulsed field ablation, radiofrequency ablation, and cryoablation for atrial fibrillation, providing the first head-to-head-to-head comparison of all three energy sources for pulmonary vein…
The DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI Study.
Ten-year DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI results confirmed the durable benefit of complete revascularization over culprit-only PCI in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease. The survival advantage persisted over a decade of follow-up.
results from a phase 1b/2a randomised controlled study.
Phase 2 results of subcutaneous amycretin confirmed dose-dependent weight loss and metabolic improvement. The dual GLP-1/amylin receptor agonist mechanism offers a novel approach to obesity treatment with potent appetite suppression.
a first-in-human, phase 1, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
This first-in-human phase 1 trial of amycretin, a unimolecular dual GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist, demonstrated up to 10% weight loss in 12 weeks with potent appetite suppression. The single-molecule dual agonist approach offers manufacturing and dosing…
PRAGUE-25 Trial.
The PRAGUE-25 trial compared catheter ablation with lifestyle modification plus antiarrhythmic drugs in AF patients with obesity. The results inform the choice between invasive and comprehensive conservative management strategies for atrial fibrillation.
a meta-analysis of trials.
This meta-analysis of all colchicine trials in secondary cardiovascular prevention confirmed a 20-30% reduction in MACE with an acceptable safety profile. The pooled evidence from COLCOT, LoDoCo2, and CLEAR SYNERGY consolidates colchicine as a cost-effective…
a meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis of long-term colchicine trials confirmed that colchicine significantly reduces recurrent vascular events in secondary prevention. After COLCOT, LoDoCo2, and CLEAR SYNERGY, the pooled long-term data consolidate colchicine as a cost-effective…
a systematic review and prospective individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (CATALYST).
This collaborative systematic review combined data on the optimal timing of anticoagulation initiation after ischemic stroke in AF patients, providing the most comprehensive evidence for early versus delayed DOAC start.
Phase 3 data confirmed that obicetrapib, a highly selective CETP inhibitor, significantly lowers LDL cholesterol with an acceptable safety profile in patients at high cardiovascular risk. The results position obicetrapib as the first CETP inhibitor with…
the PARAGON-HF trial.
This PARAGON-HF analysis showed that central adiposity is nearly universal in HFpEF regardless of BMI category, reinforcing the concept that visceral fat — not just body weight — is central to the obesity-HFpEF phenotype.
The KARDIA-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
The KARDIA-2 trial showed that zilebesiran, an siRNA targeting hepatic angiotensinogen, significantly reduced blood pressure when added to existing antihypertensive therapy in patients with inadequately controlled hypertension. The twice-yearly injectable…
An Analysis From AZALEA-TIMI 71.
This AZALEA-TIMI 71 analysis showed that abelacimab (long-acting factor XI inhibitor) reduces periprocedural bleeding compared with rivaroxaban, demonstrating the safety advantage of factor XI inhibition around invasive procedures.
A Randomized Clinical Trial.
This randomized trial demonstrated that spironolactone was superior to amiloride for blood pressure reduction in patients with resistant hypertension. The result confirmed spironolactone as the preferred fourth-line agent and defined the comparative…
The BedMed Randomized Clinical Trial.
The BedMed trial definitively confirmed that the timing of antihypertensive medication (morning versus evening) has no effect on cardiovascular outcomes or death. Together with the TIME trial, this eliminates chronotherapy as a meaningful consideration in…
a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.
This analysis showed that moderately frail patients with type 2 diabetes still benefit from intensive blood pressure control, while the benefit may be attenuated in the most severely frail, guiding treatment intensity by frailty status.
Prespecified Analyses of the SOUL Randomized Trial.
This SOUL subanalysis confirmed that oral semaglutide's cardiovascular benefit is consistent regardless of background SGLT2 inhibitor use, supporting the combination of both drug classes for comprehensive cardiometabolic protection.
The FAIR-HF2 DZHK05 Randomized Clinical Trial.
The FAIR-HF2 trial confirmed that intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with chronic heart failure and iron deficiency significantly reduced the composite of cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization. This provides the definitive evidence…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.
The 2025 ACC/AHA ACS guideline (JACC edition) provides updated recommendations for acute coronary syndromes incorporating evidence from ABYSS, REDUCE-AMI, COMPLETE, and other contemporary trials, endorsing DAPT de-escalation, optional beta-blockers after MI…
The PURSUIT Randomized Trial.
The PURSUIT trial of an oral PCSK9 inhibitor demonstrated significant LDL cholesterol reduction in patients with hypercholesterolemia. An effective oral PCSK9 inhibitor could dramatically expand access to advanced lipid-lowering therapy beyond injectable…
This randomized trial confirmed that dapagliflozin does not worsen renal function when added for acute decompensated heart failure, providing safety data for early SGLT2 inhibitor initiation during AHF hospitalization.
The HuMAIN-HFpEF Randomized Clinical Trial.
The HuMAIN-HFpEF trial tested a novel controlled metabolic accelerator for obesity-related HFpEF, exploring a new pharmacological mechanism for targeting excess body fat in this challenging heart failure phenotype.
This analysis compared FFR-guided PCI with CABG in patients with diabetes, evaluating whether contemporary physiologically optimized percutaneous intervention can narrow the outcome gap with surgery in the diabetic population.
The SOUL trial demonstrated that oral semaglutide significantly reduced major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk. This is the first cardiovascular outcomes trial to show benefit for an oral GLP-1…
a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
The TANDEM trial demonstrated that a fixed-dose combination of obicetrapib (a CETP inhibitor) and ezetimibe reduced LDL cholesterol by 55-60% in statin-treated patients. This is the first positive result for a modern CETP inhibitor in combination therapy…
The EMPEROR Program.
This mechanistic study showed that empagliflozin stimulates erythropoiesis and iron mobilization in heart failure through hypoxia-inducible factor pathway activation, explaining the hemoglobin increases observed during SGLT2 inhibitor therapy.
The SUMMIT Trial.
This analysis showed that CKD does not attenuate the benefit of tirzepatide in HFpEF with obesity, supporting the dual incretin agonist across the cardiorenal comorbidity spectrum.
This phase 3 trial demonstrated that lorundrostat, a selective aldosterone synthase inhibitor, significantly reduced blood pressure in patients with uncontrolled hypertension on existing therapy. The results add to the growing evidence for aldosterone…
a phase 3b, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
The STRIDE trial investigated whether semaglutide improves walking capacity in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease and type 2 diabetes, testing GLP-1 receptor agonism for PAD-specific functional outcomes.
This randomized trial showed that pulsed field ablation was noninferior to cryoballoon ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, with comparable efficacy and safety. The result positions PFA as an alternative to established…
This NEJM trial evaluated dapagliflozin in patients undergoing TAVI, exploring whether SGLT2 inhibition provides additional cardiac protection in this high-risk valvular heart disease population.
the EMPEROR-Preserved trial.
This EMPEROR-Preserved subanalysis showed that empagliflozin improves blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension and HFpEF, providing additional hemodynamic benefit in this difficult-to-treat overlap population.
This analysis showed that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of new-onset diabetes in patients with cardiovascular or kidney disease, adding a metabolic prevention benefit to their established cardiorenal protection.
This NEJM trial investigated whether left atrial appendage closure combined with catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation can reduce stroke risk and enable anticoagulation cessation. The results inform the decision about combining structural and rhythm…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.
The 2025 ACC/AHA ACS guideline integrates contemporary evidence on DAPT de-escalation, routine complete revascularization, troponin-based diagnosis, and post-MI therapy. Notably, long-term beta-blockers are no longer mandated after MI with preserved ejection…
A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Systematic Review.
This meta-analysis of all randomized trials with aldosterone synthase inhibitors (baxdrostat, lorundrostat) confirmed significant blood pressure reduction in patients with hypertension. The pooled evidence established aldosterone synthase inhibition as a new…
This meta-analysis confirmed that sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor, reduces cardiovascular events and hospitalizations in heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes, supporting the dual transporter inhibition approach.
results of the phase 3 RESTORE-1 trial.
The RESTORE-1 trial demonstrated that inhaled flecainide rapidly and effectively cardioverted recent-onset symptomatic atrial fibrillation in an outpatient setting. The needle-free, self-administered formulation offers a patient-controlled…
This large randomized trial showed that intensive blood pressure control (systolic <120 mmHg) significantly reduced cardiovascular events compared with standard treatment (<140 mmHg) in patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated cardiovascular risk. The…
Insights From AUGUSTUS.
This comprehensive AUGUSTUS analysis identified the antithrombotic regimen that minimizes the total burden of both bleeding and ischemic events in AF patients after ACS or PCI, definitively supporting apixaban plus P2Y12 inhibitor without aspirin.
Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.
This meta-analysis confirmed that oral anticoagulant monotherapy without antiplatelet therapy is the preferred long-term strategy for AF patients with stable coronary disease, with no ischemic cost from dropping the antiplatelet agent.
A Network Meta-Analysis.
This network meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists for type 2 diabetes treatment is consistent across age and sex subgroups, supporting equitable prescribing.
TAVR UNLOAD.
The TAVR UNLOAD trial explored TAVR in patients with HFrEF and moderate (not severe) aortic stenosis. The results inform the growing debate about the role of valve intervention in patients where hemodynamic afterload reduction may benefit ventricular recovery…
The VANISH2 trial confirmed that catheter ablation was superior to escalation of antiarrhythmic drug therapy for recurrent ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, significantly reducing VT recurrence and ICD shocks. The results…
The CLEAR SYNERGY trial demonstrated that colchicine initiated within days of acute MI reduced major cardiovascular events by 33% compared with placebo over a median of 3 years. This is the third major positive trial of colchicine in atherosclerotic disease…
This NEJM trial showed that routine spironolactone after acute MI in patients without heart failure or reduced ejection fraction did not significantly reduce the primary composite endpoint. The result limits MRA use after MI to those with established HF or…
The SUMMIT trial showed that tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, significantly reduced heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death in patients with HFpEF and obesity, with substantial improvements in symptoms, quality of life, and body…
This NEJM trial showed that continuation of oral anticoagulation during TAVI was noninferior to interruption for the composite of bleeding and thromboembolic events. The result simplifies periprocedural management by avoiding the complexity of anticoagulation…
10-year outcomes from the SCOT-HEART randomised controlled trial in Scotland.
The 10-year SCOT-HEART follow-up confirmed that coronary CT angiography-guided management of stable chest pain provides sustained cardiovascular benefit, with persistent reductions in MI. The long-term data support CCTA as a cost-effective first-line…
This trial demonstrated that abelacimab, a factor XI-targeting monoclonal antibody, significantly reduced major bleeding compared with rivaroxaban while maintaining comparable efficacy in stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. After the…
A Randomized Clinical Trial.
This randomized trial demonstrated that muvalaplin, the first oral lipoprotein(a) inhibitor, produced dose-dependent Lp(a) reductions of up to 85% with an acceptable safety profile. An oral Lp(a)-lowering agent could dramatically expand access to treatment…
The EVOLVED Randomized Clinical Trial.
The EVOLVED trial demonstrated that early aortic valve intervention guided by myocardial fibrosis on cardiac MRI reduced all-cause death and unplanned heart failure hospitalization in patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis. The results support an…
The Tri.Fr Randomized Clinical Trial.
The Tri.Fr trial showed that transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for severe isolated tricuspid regurgitation significantly improved functional capacity and quality of life compared with optimal medical therapy alone. The results advance the interventional…
This NEJM trial showed that transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement significantly improved symptoms, quality of life, and functional status in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation. The results establish transcatheter replacement as a viable option…
This NEJM trial demonstrated that plozasiran, an siRNA targeting APOC3, dramatically reduced triglycerides and prevented pancreatitis episodes in patients with persistent chylomicronemia from both genetic and multifactorial causes. The twice-yearly injectable…
A Prespecified Analysis of the FINEARTS-HF Trial.
This FINEARTS-HF subanalysis confirmed that finerenone's benefit on heart failure events is consistent across the entire ejection fraction spectrum from 40% to 100%. The uniform effect establishes finerenone as a broadly applicable therapy for heart failure…
The OCEANIC-AF trial showed that asundexian, a factor XIa inhibitor, was inferior to apixaban in preventing stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, without a meaningful reduction in bleeding. This definitive negative result dampened…
This NEJM trial showed that PCI of coronary stenoses before TAVR did not improve the composite of death or cardiovascular hospitalization compared with conservative management. The result argued against routine pre-TAVR coronary revascularization in patients…
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This comprehensive meta-analysis confirmed that GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors provide complementary cardiovascular and kidney protection in patients with type 2 diabetes. The combination yields additive benefits on MACE, heart failure, and…
This randomized trial of AF screening versus usual care demonstrated that screening detects more undiagnosed AF and increases anticoagulation initiation, though the impact on stroke incidence was not statistically significant. Larger, longer-term studies are…
The MATTERHORN trial demonstrated that transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair was noninferior to surgical mitral valve intervention for reducing mitral regurgitation severity in patients with heart failure and secondary MR, with fewer perioperative…
The RESHAPE-HF2 trial showed that transcatheter mitral valve repair improved outcomes in patients with heart failure and moderate-to-severe secondary mitral regurgitation, adding to the COAPT evidence for device therapy in functional MR. The positive result…
a multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial.
The FAVOR III Europe trial demonstrated that quantitative flow ratio (QFR) was noninferior to fractional flow reserve (FFR) for guiding coronary revascularization decisions. The wire-free, computational approach offers a practical and time-saving alternative…
This NEJM trial demonstrated that an invasive treatment strategy in patients aged 80 years or older with non-STEMI significantly reduced the composite of MI, urgent revascularization, stroke, and death compared with conservative management. The results…
An Individual Patient Meta-Analysis.
This individual patient data analysis confirmed that complete revascularization is superior to culprit-only PCI in older patients with STEMI and multivessel disease, consistent with the primary FIRE trial results. The pooled evidence supports complete…
This adjudicated reanalysis of the IRONMAN trial confirmed that intravenous ferric derisomaltose reduces heart failure hospitalization in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency, strengthening the evidence when accounting for misclassified events in…
The FINEARTS-HF trial demonstrated that finerenone significantly reduced heart failure events in patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF, extending the benefit of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism beyond HFrEF. This landmark result establishes finerenone as the…
This FLOW subanalysis demonstrated that semaglutide significantly reduces heart failure events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. The cardiorenal protective effect positions GLP-1 receptor agonists alongside SGLT2 inhibitors as…
The REDUCE-AMI trial showed that continuation versus interruption of long-term beta-blocker therapy after myocardial infarction in patients with preserved ejection fraction made no difference in the composite of death or MI. Together with ABYSS, this provides…
an individual patient data meta-analysis.
This individual patient data meta-analysis showed that semaglutide produces dose-dependent and clinically significant blood pressure reduction independent of weight loss. The antihypertensive effect adds another mechanism through which GLP-1 receptor agonists…
The 2024 ESC hypertension guidelines lowered the treatment threshold to 130/80 mmHg and set a target of 120–129/70–79 mmHg for most patients, converging with the evidence from SPRINT and STEP. The guideline endorses initial combination therapy and emphasizes…
The 2024 ESC atrial fibrillation guidelines introduced the AF-CARE pathway (Comorbidities and risk factors, Anticoagulation, Rate and Rhythm control, Evaluation and reassessment) as a structured management approach. The guideline recognized pulsed field…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.
The 2024 ACC Expert Consensus provided a structured decision pathway for clinical assessment, management, and trajectory of HFpEF patients during hospitalization, including fluid management, SGLT2 inhibitor initiation, and transition to outpatient care.
an individual patient level meta-analysis.
This individual patient data meta-analysis confirmed that mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists significantly improve survival in patients with HFrEF, with consistent benefit across subgroups. The analysis found insufficient evidence for benefit in HFpEF…
an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised trials with 6-month follow-up.
This individual patient data meta-analysis of mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock showed that Impella CP (from DanGer Shock) provides survival benefit, while ECMO (from ECLS-SHOCK) does not. The analysis established Impella as the preferred…
This NEJM trial of zodasiran, an siRNA targeting ANGPTL3, demonstrated significant reductions in triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia. The results establish a new RNA-based mechanism for comprehensive…
This NEJM trial of plozasiran, an RNA interference agent targeting APOC3, demonstrated dramatic triglyceride and VLDL reduction in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia. The twice-yearly injectable offers a durable approach to treating triglyceride-rich…
a pooled analysis of the SELECT, FLOW, STEP-HFpEF, and STEP-HFpEF DM randomised trials.
This pooled analysis of semaglutide trials in HFpEF with ejection fraction ≥40% and obesity confirmed significant improvements in symptoms, exercise function, body weight, and inflammation markers. The consistent benefit across the mildly reduced and…
an individual patient data meta-analysis of TICO and T-PASS trials.
This individual patient data meta-analysis of four trials confirmed that ticagrelor monotherapy after short-duration DAPT in ACS patients reduces bleeding without increasing ischemic events. The pooled patient-level data provide the highest level of evidence…
a prespecified analysis of the SELECT trial.
This SELECT subanalysis showed that semaglutide reduces cardiovascular events in obese patients with prevalent heart failure, with consistent benefit across heart failure subtypes. The finding supports GLP-1 receptor agonists for cardiovascular prevention in…
an open-label, blinded-outcome, randomised trial.
This meta-analysis confirmed that targeting a systolic blood pressure below 120 mmHg versus below 140 mmHg significantly reduces cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with high cardiovascular risk, including those with diabetes. The data reinforce…
a randomised controlled trial.
The CONVINCE trial showed that long-term colchicine did not significantly reduce recurrent vascular events after non-cardioembolic stroke. The negative result suggested that the anti-inflammatory benefit of colchicine in coronary disease may not extend to all…
The FLOW trial demonstrated that semaglutide significantly slowed kidney disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD, reducing the composite of sustained eGFR decline, kidney failure, and renal or cardiovascular death. The trial was stopped…
The SHASTA-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
The SHASTA-2 trial demonstrated that plozasiran, an siRNA targeting APOC3, dramatically reduces triglycerides in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. The twice-yearly injectable offers a transformative approach for this hard-to-treat lipid disorder and…
A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
This JAMA meta-analysis demonstrated that RAAS blockade provides equal mortality benefit in Black and non-Black patients with HFrEF, debunking the long-held assumption that RAAS inhibitors are less effective in Black patients. The finding supports equitable…
individual patient data meta-analysis.
This individual patient data meta-analysis confirmed that early invasive management reduces MI and repeat revascularization in older patients with NSTE-ACS compared with conservative management. The pooled evidence supports active intervention in elderly ACS…
The SMART trial showed that balloon-expandable TAVR achieved significantly better hemodynamic performance than self-expanding TAVR in patients with a small aortic annulus. The results provided guidance for device selection in this challenging anatomical…
A SMART-C Collaborative Meta-Analysis.
This SMART-C collaborative meta-analysis of all major SGLT2 inhibitor trials confirmed that the class reduces heart failure hospitalization and kidney outcomes across all patient populations, while MACE reduction was primarily seen in patients with type 2…
an individual participant data network meta-analysis.
This individual participant data network meta-analysis of all PAH therapies demonstrated that initial combination therapy, including regimens with sotatercept, was superior to monotherapy for improving exercise capacity and clinical outcomes. The results…
This NEJM trial evaluated intensive ambulance-delivered blood pressure reduction in the hyperacute stroke phase, before distinction between ischemic and hemorrhagic subtypes. The prehospital intervention approach represents a novel strategy to improve…
The ANNEXA-I trial demonstrated that andexanet alfa, a factor Xa inhibitor reversal agent, significantly reduced hematoma expansion compared with usual care in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage while taking factor Xa inhibitors. This provides the…
This NEJM trial showed that olezarsen reduced triglycerides by more than 50% in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and high cardiovascular risk. Unlike fibrates (PROMINENT), APOC3 inhibition reduces both triglycerides and apolipoprotein B-containing…
This NEJM trial demonstrated that olezarsen, an antisense oligonucleotide targeting APOC3, dramatically reduced triglyceride levels and virtually eliminated acute pancreatitis episodes in patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome. The results represent…
a two-stage, multicentre, randomised trial.
The IVUS-ACS trial showed that IVUS-guided PCI significantly reduced target vessel failure compared with angiography-guided PCI in patients with acute coronary syndromes. This was the first randomized trial demonstrating the superiority of intravascular…
a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial.
This Lancet trial confirmed that ticagrelor monotherapy after 1 month of DAPT in ACS patients reduces bleeding without increasing ischemic events, adding to the robust evidence for early aspirin discontinuation in P2Y12-based antiplatelet strategies.
a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial.
The PREVENT trial demonstrated that preventive PCI of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques identified by intravascular imaging (IVUS/OCT) reduced future coronary events compared with optimal medical therapy alone. This landmark result established a new…
The AEGIS-II trial showed that infusion of recombinant apolipoprotein A1 (CSL112) after acute MI did not reduce the risk of MACE compared with placebo. The HDL-mimetic approach to reverse cholesterol transport did not translate to clinical cardiovascular…
A Systematic Review and Patient-Level Meta-Analysis.
This patient-level meta-analysis confirmed that P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy (ticagrelor or clopidogrel) after a short course of DAPT reduces major bleeding compared with standard 12-month DAPT without increasing ischemic events. The pooled evidence…
a pooled analysis of the STEP-HFpEF and STEP-HFpEF DM randomised trials.
This pooled analysis of STEP-HFpEF and STEP-HFpEF DM confirmed that semaglutide consistently improves quality of life, body weight, CRP, and NT-proBNP in patients with obesity-related HFpEF regardless of diabetes status. The combined data strengthened the…
The FRAME-AMI trial showed that FFR-guided complete revascularization of nonculprit lesions resulted in fewer stent implantations with comparable clinical outcomes versus routine angiography-guided complete PCI in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease…
The DAPA-MI trial showed that empagliflozin after acute MI in patients without heart failure or diabetes did not significantly improve the hierarchical composite of cardiovascular outcomes. The result suggested that the benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors in MI may…
The ABYSS trial showed that long-term beta-blocker therapy after myocardial infarction in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction did not reduce the composite of death, MI, or stroke. This challenges the decades-long standard of routine…
The DanGer Shock trial demonstrated that the Impella CP microaxial flow pump significantly reduced 180-day all-cause mortality compared with standard care in patients with STEMI-related cardiogenic shock. This is the first positive randomized trial of a…
The STEP-HFpEF-DM trial demonstrated that semaglutide 2.4 mg significantly improved heart failure symptoms, physical limitations, and body weight in patients with HFpEF, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The findings extended the benefit seen in STEP-HFpEF to the…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.
The 2024 ACC Expert Consensus for HFrEF endorsed simultaneous initiation of four-pillar therapy (SGLT2 inhibitor, ARNI, beta-blocker, MRA) rather than sequential titration, with practical algorithms for rapid optimization, including in-hospital initiation…
10-year outcomes of the NOTION trial.
The 10-year NOTION results showed comparable survival between TAVR and surgical aortic valve replacement in low-risk patients, though more TAVR patients required reintervention for valve degeneration. The long-term data raised questions about structural valve…
A Study-Level Meta-Analysis of the NOAH-AFNET 6 and ARTESiA Trials.
This meta-analysis of NOAH-AFNET 6 and ARTESIA showed that DOACs modestly reduce stroke in patients with device-detected subclinical AF but significantly increase bleeding. The pooled data suggest that anticoagulation may be warranted only in selected…
an updated network meta-analysis.
This updated Lancet network meta-analysis confirmed that intravascular imaging-guided DES implantation (either IVUS or OCT) is superior to angiography-guided PCI for reducing cardiovascular death, MI, and stent thrombosis. The comprehensive analysis supported…
A Prespecified Analysis of the CLEAR Outcomes Randomized Clinical Trial.
This CLEAR Outcomes analysis of total cardiovascular events (including recurrent) showed that bempedoic acid significantly reduces the total burden of cardiovascular events in statin-intolerant patients, with greater absolute benefit than suggested by…
STOPDAPT-3 Randomized Trial.
The STOPDAPT-3 trial tested an aspirin-free strategy (prasugrel monotherapy from day 1) versus standard DAPT after PCI. While the aspirin-free approach was noninferior for a net clinical benefit endpoint, the study raised questions about the bleeding-ischemia…
The T-PASS Randomized Noninferiority Trial.
The T-PASS trial showed that stopping aspirin within 1 month after DES implantation for ticagrelor monotherapy in ACS patients was noninferior to 12-month DAPT for ischemic events and reduced major bleeding. The results supported very early aspirin…
An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of TWILIGHT and TICO Randomized Trials.
This individual patient data meta-analysis confirmed that early aspirin cessation with ticagrelor monotherapy after ACS and PCI is safe with significantly less bleeding, without increasing the risk of ischemic events. The pooled patient-level evidence…
This analysis demonstrated that implantable pulmonary artery pressure monitors not only reduce heart failure hospitalization but also improve survival in patients with HFrEF. The mortality benefit adds a new dimension to the value proposition of…
The RAFT trial 14-year follow-up showed that CRT-D provides sustained survival benefit over ICD alone in patients with HFrEF and wide QRS. These are among the longest-term randomized data supporting cardiac resynchronization therapy.
The ARTESIA trial showed that apixaban reduced the risk of stroke and systemic embolism by 37% compared with aspirin in patients with subclinical atrial fibrillation detected by implanted cardiac devices, but at the cost of increased major bleeding. The…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.
The 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS atrial fibrillation guideline introduced a new four-stage classification system (stages 1–4), emphasized early rhythm control, endorsed catheter ablation as a first-line option for selected patients, and highlighted weight management…
The REALITY trial demonstrated that a restrictive transfusion strategy (hemoglobin threshold <8 g/dL) was noninferior to a liberal strategy (<10 g/dL) for the composite of death, MI, stroke, or emergency revascularization in patients with acute MI and anemia…
ORBITA-2, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with stable angina who were not receiving antianginal medications, showed that PCI significantly improved angina symptoms compared with a sham procedure. This resolved the debate from ORBITA-1 by…
an individual patient data meta-analysis.
This individual patient data meta-analysis of all ferric carboxymaltose trials in heart failure confirmed that IV iron reduces heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death, with the most robust benefit in reducing recurrent hospitalizations. The…
The SELECT trial demonstrated that semaglutide 2.4 mg reduced major adverse cardiovascular events by 20% in patients with overweight or obesity and established atherosclerotic disease but without diabetes. This landmark result established GLP-1 receptor…
a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 2b, clinical trial.
The ZENITH-CKD trial showed that adding zibotentan (an endothelin A receptor antagonist) to dapagliflozin significantly reduced albuminuria in patients with CKD compared with dapagliflozin alone. The combination approach offers enhanced kidney protection…
The 5-year PARTNER 3 follow-up confirmed that outcomes after TAVR remained comparable to surgical aortic valve replacement in low-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. Valve durability was maintained with no excess structural valve deterioration…
The ADVENT trial demonstrated that pulsed field ablation was noninferior to conventional thermal ablation (radiofrequency or cryoablation) for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, with a comparable safety profile. This established PFA as a safe…
The CTS-AMI Randomized Clinical Trial.
The CTS-AMI mega-trial demonstrated that Tongxinluo, a traditional Chinese medicine compound, significantly reduced cardiovascular events after STEMI when added to guideline-directed therapy. The large, rigorous trial provided the first high-quality…
The ILUMIEN IV trial showed that OCT-guided PCI improved the procedural quality (minimum stent area) but did not significantly reduce the clinical composite of cardiac death or MI compared with angiography-guided PCI at 2 years. The study highlighted the gap…
The OCTOBER trial demonstrated that OCT-guided PCI for complex bifurcation lesions reduced the composite of cardiac death, target-lesion MI, or target-lesion revascularization by 57% compared with angiography-guided PCI. This established OCT as a valuable…
An Individual Participant Meta-Analysis.
This individual participant meta-analysis showed that patients with orthostatic hypotension derive equal cardiovascular benefit from intensive blood pressure treatment as those without, without an increased risk of falls or syncope. The results argued against…
The OCTIVUS Randomized Clinical Trial.
The OCTIVUS trial demonstrated that OCT-guided PCI was noninferior to IVUS-guided PCI for clinical outcomes. The result established OCT and IVUS as interchangeable intravascular imaging modalities for guiding coronary intervention.
an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised trials.
This individual patient data meta-analysis confirmed that VA-ECMO does not improve survival in patients with infarct-related cardiogenic shock, with pooled data from randomized trials showing no mortality benefit but increased limb complications. The analysis…
The MULTISTARS AMI trial showed that immediate complete revascularization during the index primary PCI procedure was superior to staged revascularization within 45 days for reducing cardiovascular death or MI in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease…
The CASTLE-HTx trial demonstrated that catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with end-stage heart failure (on LVAD or transplant waiting list) dramatically improved survival, with a 44% relative reduction in the composite of death, LVAD…
The ECLS-SHOCK trial showed that routine extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) did not improve 30-day survival compared with standard care in patients with infarct-related cardiogenic shock. This large, definitive trial ended the enthusiasm for routine…
This PURE study analysis demonstrated that five modifiable risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and smoking) account for the majority of cardiovascular disease and mortality worldwide, with regional variation in their relative…
An Individual-Participant Data Meta-Analysis.
This mega-scale individual participant data meta-analysis confirmed that low eGFR and albuminuria independently and additively predict cardiovascular events and mortality. The combined assessment provides superior risk stratification compared with either…
a meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis showed that combining an MRA with an SGLT2 inhibitor in heart failure provides additive reductions in cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization beyond either drug class alone. The findings support the four-pillar approach…
a meta-analysis of three randomized controlled trials.
This meta-analysis of CHAMPION, GUIDE-HF, and MONITOR-HF confirmed that implantable pulmonary artery pressure monitoring significantly reduces heart failure hospitalization in chronic heart failure. The pooled evidence across three continents supported the…
The NOAH-AFNET 6 trial found that edoxaban did not significantly reduce cardiovascular events compared with placebo in patients with device-detected atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) but without clinical atrial fibrillation, while increasing major bleeding…
The STEP-HFpEF trial showed that weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in patients with HFpEF and obesity dramatically improved heart failure symptoms, physical limitations, and quality of life, with a mean 13% body weight reduction. This landmark result established…
3-Year Follow-Up of the FAME 3 Trial.
Three-year FAME 3 follow-up confirmed that FFR-guided PCI did not achieve noninferiority versus CABG for three-vessel coronary disease, with CABG maintaining lower rates of revascularization and MI. The extended data reinforced CABG as the standard for…
The HEART-FID trial showed that intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with HFrEF and iron deficiency did not significantly improve the hierarchical composite of death, heart failure hospitalization, and 6-minute walk distance. The neutral result…
The FIRE trial demonstrated that complete revascularization reduced cardiovascular death or MI compared with culprit-only PCI in patients aged 75 or older with MI and multivessel disease. The results extended the benefit of complete revascularization to the…
This NEJM phase 2 trial demonstrated that orforglipron, an oral nonpeptide GLP-1 receptor agonist, produced dose-dependent weight loss of up to 14.7% in adults with obesity. The results positioned oral GLP-1 therapy as a practical alternative to injectable…
The REPRIEVE trial demonstrated that pitavastatin reduced major cardiovascular events by 35% in people living with HIV who had low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk. The trial was stopped early for efficacy, providing the first definitive evidence for statin…
an individual participant meta-analysis.
This individual participant data meta-analysis from three randomized trials confirmed that fixed-dose combination therapy (polypill) reduces cardiovascular events in primary prevention across different age groups. The consistent benefit supports the polypill…
a pre-specified participant-level pooled analysis of PARAGLIDE-HF and PARAGON-HF.
This participant-level pooled analysis of PARAGON-HF, PARADIGM-HF, and PARAGLIDE-HF confirmed that sacubitril-valsartan reduces NT-proBNP and heart failure events in patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF (EF ≥40%), particularly those with lower LVEF within this…
a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA.
This Lancet phase 2 trial of retatrutide, a triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist, demonstrated up to 24% weight loss and dramatic HbA1c improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results surpassed those of dual incretin agonists, establishing…
The STOP-CA Randomized Clinical Trial.
The STOP-CA trial showed that atorvastatin significantly attenuated the decline in left ventricular ejection fraction in patients receiving anthracycline chemotherapy. The result established statins as a potential cardioprotective strategy during cancer…
This analysis demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors provide complementary cardiovascular benefits when used together in type 2 diabetes, with additive reductions in MACE and heart failure events. The findings support dual…
This first-in-human study of zilebesiran, an RNA interference agent targeting hepatic angiotensinogen, demonstrated sustained blood pressure reduction for up to 24 weeks after a single subcutaneous injection. The findings represent a potential paradigm shift…
This first-in-human phase 1 trial showed that NI006, a monoclonal antibody targeting transthyretin amyloid deposits, can reduce cardiac amyloid burden in patients with ATTR cardiomyopathy. This represents the first therapeutic approach aimed at clearing…
The TRAVERSE trial demonstrated that testosterone-replacement therapy in middle-aged and older men with hypogonadism and cardiovascular risk factors did not increase the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events. This large safety trial resolved…
This meta-analysis confirmed that P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy is superior to aspirin for long-term secondary prevention of coronary events, with fewer ischemic events (especially stroke) and no increase in bleeding. The data support replacing aspirin with…
an international, stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial.
The INTERACT3 trial showed that a goal-directed care bundle with early intensive blood pressure lowering improved functional outcomes in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. The pragmatic, cluster-randomized design demonstrated that structured care…
The ELAN trial showed that early initiation of DOACs (within 48 hours for mild stroke, within 6–7 days for moderate stroke) after ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation was safe and associated with fewer recurrent strokes compared with later…
This comprehensive JACC review summarized the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors across all studied populations — HFrEF, HFpEF, CKD, and type 2 diabetes — providing a unified overview of their cardiovascular and renal benefits and positioning them as foundational…
a randomised clinical trial.
The MONITOR-HF trial confirmed that remote pulmonary artery pressure monitoring (CardioMEMS) improved quality of life and reduced heart failure hospitalization in European patients with chronic heart failure treated with contemporary guideline-directed…
This NEJM trial demonstrated that treatment of gestational diabetes diagnosed before 20 weeks of pregnancy improved neonatal outcomes, with fewer macrosomic infants and less need for neonatal intensive care. The results extended the benefit of GDM treatment…
This STRONG-HF subanalysis showed that rapid up-titration of guideline-directed therapy after heart failure hospitalization was effective across the entire ejection fraction spectrum, including patients with HFpEF. The results expanded the aggressive…
Patient-Level Network Meta-Analyses From COMBINE AF.
This COMBINE AF patient-level meta-analysis confirmed that DOACs are superior to warfarin for stroke prevention across the full spectrum of kidney function in AF patients, including those with moderate-to-severe CKD. The data address a key uncertainty in…
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis confirmed that low-dose triple and quadruple combination antihypertensive pills are more effective than monotherapy for initial blood pressure treatment, with better control rates and comparable tolerability. The evidence supports…
The 5-year COAPT follow-up confirmed durable benefit of transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip in patients with heart failure and severe secondary mitral regurgitation, with sustained reductions in mortality and heart failure hospitalization…
an open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 trial.
The BEST-CLI trial demonstrated that vein bypass surgery was superior to endovascular therapy as the initial revascularization strategy for patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia when a good-quality great saphenous vein was available. The result…
The TRILUMINATE trial demonstrated that transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TriClip) for severe tricuspid regurgitation was safe and significantly reduced regurgitation severity, though it did not meet the primary composite endpoint of death or…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.
The 2023 ACC Expert Consensus provided a structured decision pathway for HFpEF management, positioning SGLT2 inhibitors as a cornerstone therapy alongside diuretics for volume management, GLP-1 receptor agonists for obesity, and targeted treatment of…
The RENOVATE-COMPLEX-PCI trial showed that intravascular imaging-guided PCI (using IVUS or OCT) significantly reduced the composite of cardiac death, MI, or revascularization compared with angiography-guided PCI in patients with complex coronary lesions. The…
This phase 2b trial of MK-0616, the first oral macrocyclic peptide PCSK9 inhibitor, demonstrated dose-dependent LDL cholesterol reductions of up to 60% with an acceptable safety profile. An oral PCSK9 inhibitor could dramatically expand access beyond…
The STELLAR trial demonstrated that sotatercept, a first-in-class activin receptor fusion protein, dramatically improved exercise capacity, hemodynamics, and WHO functional class in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension on background therapy. This…
An Analysis of FOURIER-OLE.
This long-term FOURIER analysis showed that very low achieved LDL cholesterol levels (below 20 mg/dL) with evolocumab were associated with the greatest cardiovascular risk reduction without excess safety concerns. The data supported pushing LDL targets as low…
an individual patient meta-analysis.
This individual patient data meta-analysis confirmed that de-escalation from potent P2Y12 inhibitors to clopidogrel after the acute phase of ACS safely reduces bleeding without increasing ischemic events. The pooled patient-level evidence definitively…
a collaborative analysis of three randomised trials.
This collaborative analysis of three major statin trials demonstrated that residual inflammation (hsCRP) and residual cholesterol (LDL) independently predict cardiovascular events in statin-treated patients. Patients with dual residual risk derive the most…
The CLEAR Outcomes trial showed that bempedoic acid, an oral ACL inhibitor that does not act in skeletal muscle, reduced major cardiovascular events by 13% in statin-intolerant patients with elevated LDL cholesterol. This provided a new evidence-based…
A Randomized Clinical Trial.
This randomized crossover trial revealed substantial individual heterogeneity in blood pressure response to four different antihypertensive drug classes, with rotation of medications identifying the best-responding agent for each patient. The findings support…
a prospective, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial.
The BIOVASC trial showed that immediate complete revascularization during the index procedure was noninferior to staged complete PCI in patients with ACS and multivessel coronary disease, with similar rates of the composite primary endpoint at 1 year.
A Randomized Clinical Trial.
The LODESTAR trial showed that a treat-to-target approach (targeting LDL <70 mg/dL with dose adjustment) was noninferior to fixed high-intensity statin therapy for cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. The results supported either…
an open-label, blinded-endpoint, cluster-randomised trial.
This Lancet trial demonstrated that a community health worker-led intensive blood pressure intervention significantly reduced cardiovascular events compared with usual care in rural China. The scalable model addressed the critical shortage of physicians in…
The RADIANCE II Randomized Clinical Trial.
The RADIANCE II trial confirmed that ultrasound renal denervation significantly reduced blood pressure compared with a sham procedure in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension, replicating the findings from RADIANCE-HTN SOLO with a refined study design.
Opportunistic Screening of Previous Nongated Chest Computed Tomography Scans to Improve Statin Rates (NOTIFY-1 Project).
The NOTIFY study demonstrated that AI-detected coronary artery calcium on non-gated chest CT scans, when reported to clinicians and patients, significantly increased statin prescribing. The opportunistic screening approach leveraged existing imaging to…
a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
This meta-analysis of randomized trials confirmed that catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients significantly improves cardiovascular outcomes, including reductions in mortality and heart failure hospitalization. The pooled evidence…
Results of the ECMO-CS Randomized Clinical Trial.
The ECMO-CS trial showed that veno-arterial ECMO in cardiogenic shock was not associated with improved survival compared with standard medical therapy, consistent with the ECLS-SHOCK results. The negative finding discourages routine ECMO use in non-infarction…
This phase 2 NEJM trial of baxdrostat, the first selective aldosterone synthase inhibitor, demonstrated dose-dependent blood pressure reduction in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension. The results validated a new pharmacological target for the…
the CLOROTIC trial.
The CLOROTIC trial showed that adding hydrochlorothiazide to furosemide in acute decompensated heart failure improved weight loss and urine output compared with furosemide alone, though it did not affect dyspnea or all-cause mortality. The results supported…
The TRANSFORM-HF Randomized Clinical Trial.
The TRANSFORM-HF trial found no difference in all-cause mortality between torsemide and furosemide in patients hospitalized for heart failure. This definitive pragmatic trial ended the long-standing hypothesis that torsemide's anti-aldosterone properties…
the STROKESTOP study.
The STROKESTOP cost-effectiveness analysis showed that population-level screening for atrial fibrillation in 75-76-year-olds using intermittent ECG recordings is cost-effective, with favorable incremental cost per QALY gained. The economic evaluation…
The 2-year EARLY-AF results showed that initial cryoablation therapy not only maintained better rhythm control but also significantly reduced progression from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation compared with antiarrhythmic drugs. This…
The EMPA-KIDNEY trial demonstrated that empagliflozin reduced kidney disease progression and cardiovascular death in a broad population of patients with chronic kidney disease, including those without diabetes and those with only mildly reduced eGFR. The…
The CAPLA Randomized Clinical Trial.
The CAPLA trial showed that adding posterior left atrial wall isolation to standard pulmonary vein isolation did not significantly reduce AF recurrence in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. The result argued against routine posterior wall ablation…
A Harmonized Meta-Analysis.
This harmonized meta-analysis demonstrated a dose-response relationship between daily step count and cardiovascular disease risk, with as few as 2,000-3,000 steps per day providing measurable benefit. The findings established a practical, evidence-based…
The HOST-EXAM Extended Study.
The HOST-EXAM Extended study confirmed the sustained superiority of clopidogrel over aspirin for long-term maintenance antiplatelet monotherapy after PCI, with fewer cardiovascular events and similar bleeding rates over extended follow-up.
This phase 2 study of aficamten, a next-generation cardiac myosin inhibitor, showed dose-dependent reduction of the LVOT gradient and symptom improvement in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The results advanced aficamten toward phase 3…
This JACC study compared low-dose rosuvastatin with six popular dietary supplements (fish oil, cinnamon, garlic, turmeric, plant sterols, red yeast rice) for lipid and inflammatory biomarker effects. Only rosuvastatin significantly lowered LDL cholesterol…
Extended ISCHEMIA follow-up confirmed that an initial invasive strategy provided no survival benefit over conservative management in patients with stable coronary disease and moderate-to-severe ischemia. The durable finding reinforced medical therapy as a…
the EMPULSE trial.
This EMPULSE subanalysis showed that empagliflozin started during acute heart failure hospitalization significantly improved decongestion markers, including weight loss and hemoconcentration, supporting SGLT2 inhibitors as an adjunctive decongestion strategy.
This large pragmatic NEJM trial in 13,000 hypertensive veterans demonstrated that chlorthalidone was not superior to hydrochlorothiazide for preventing major cardiovascular events. The results challenged the assumption of chlorthalidone's superiority and…
an individual patient data meta-analysis.
This individual patient data meta-analysis demonstrated that blood pressure lowering reduces the risk of incident dementia, with no evidence of a U-shaped relationship at lower blood pressure levels. The analysis provided the strongest evidence yet for blood…
an investigator-initiated, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial.
The IRONMAN trial showed a trend toward reduced heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death with intravenous ferric derisomaltose in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency, though the primary endpoint did not reach statistical…
A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.
This first randomized trial of apixaban in AF patients on hemodialysis showed no significant improvement over usual care (mostly warfarin) for stroke prevention, with similar rates of bleeding and thrombotic events. The result highlighted the persistent…
a multicentre, blinded, randomised, parallel-group, phase 3 trial.
The PRECISION trial showed that aprocitentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, significantly reduced blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension on triple therapy. This was the first positive phase 3 trial of an endothelin antagonist for…
a multinational, open-label, randomised, trial.
The STRONG-HF trial demonstrated that rapid, intensive up-titration of guideline-directed medical therapy (beta-blocker, RAAS inhibitor, MRA) within two weeks of hospital discharge for acute heart failure was safe and significantly reduced heart failure…
a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial.
This phase 1b trial of a triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist (retatrutide) demonstrated dramatic HbA1c reduction and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. The triple agonism concept showed additive metabolic benefit beyond dual GIP/GLP-1…
The PROMINENT trial showed that pemafibrate, a selective PPARα agonist, effectively lowered triglycerides but did not reduce cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated triglycerides despite statin therapy. This definitive negative…
Extended Follow-Up Outcomes of Multicenter Randomized Controlled BEST Trial.
This extended follow-up of multiple randomized trials comparing PCI with everolimus-eluting stents versus CABG for multivessel disease confirmed that CABG provides superior long-term outcomes, particularly for complex coronary anatomy. The results reinforced…
collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials.
This collaborative meta-analysis of major SGLT2 inhibitor trials demonstrated that the kidney-protective effects of SGLT2 inhibition are independent of diabetes status and baseline kidney function. The findings support SGLT2 inhibitors as a universal…
The OCEAN(a)-DOSE trial demonstrated that olpasiran, a small interfering RNA targeting hepatic apolipoprotein(a) synthesis, reduced lipoprotein(a) levels by more than 95% in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This represented…
The COAPT Trial.
Long-term COAPT analysis confirmed that transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (MitraClip) durably reduces hospitalizations and mortality in patients with heart failure and severe secondary mitral regurgitation, with sustained benefit beyond the initial follow-up…
a multicentre, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial.
The ENCHANTED2/MT trial demonstrated that intensive blood pressure lowering to <120 mmHg after endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke worsened functional outcomes compared with a higher target. The trial was stopped early for futility and…
the EMMY trial.
The EMMY trial showed that empagliflozin started after acute MI significantly reduced NT-proBNP levels and attenuated left ventricular remodeling compared with placebo. The results provided early evidence of SGLT2 inhibitor cardioprotection in the acute…
the DIAMOND trial.
The DIAMOND trial showed that patiromer effectively reduced serum potassium in patients with HFrEF, enabling more patients to reach target doses of RAAS inhibitors without hyperkalemia-related dose reductions. The results addressed a key barrier to optimal…
a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint clinical trial.
The TIME trial showed that evening dosing of antihypertensive medications offered no cardiovascular benefit over morning dosing in hypertensive adults, definitively refuting the chronotherapy hypothesis. The pragmatic result simplified clinical practice by…
The BOX trial found no difference between a high (77 mmHg) versus low (63 mmHg) mean arterial pressure target in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The result indicated that there is a broad acceptable blood pressure range in post-cardiac…
A Prespecified Analysis of the DELIVER Trial.
This DELIVER subanalysis demonstrated that dapagliflozin provides similar relative benefit in frail and non-frail patients with HFpEF, with even greater absolute benefit in frail patients due to their higher baseline risk. The results supported SGLT2…
The REVIVED-BCIS2 trial showed that PCI did not improve survival or left ventricular function compared with optimal medical therapy in patients with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy and viable myocardium. The result challenged the long-held assumption that…
a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial.
The ALL-HEART trial showed that allopurinol did not improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ischemic heart disease without gout, despite its theoretical benefits on endothelial function and oxidative stress. The large, pragmatic negative result…
A Registry-Based Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Study.
The Swedish TIMING trial demonstrated that early NOAC initiation (within 4 days) after acute ischemic stroke in patients with AF was safe and noninferior to delayed start (5-10 days) for the composite of stroke, major bleeding, or death. The results supported…
This DELIVER subanalysis confirmed that dapagliflozin is effective in patients recently hospitalized for heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction, with early benefit seen within weeks of treatment initiation. The data supported…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.
The 2022 ACC Expert Consensus updated the decision pathway for nonstatin lipid-lowering therapies, integrating evidence on bempedoic acid and inclisiran alongside ezetimibe and PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies. The document provided practical algorithms for…
The ADVOR trial showed that adding intravenous acetazolamide to loop diuretics in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure significantly improved decongestion success at 3 days compared with placebo. This pragmatic result revived interest…
This first randomized trial comparing left bundle branch area pacing with biventricular pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy showed that LBBP achieved comparable or superior echocardiographic response with a simpler implantation procedure. The results…
The 5-year MOMENTUM 3 results confirmed sustained superiority of the HeartMate 3 over the HeartMate II, with significantly better event-free survival and fewer device-related complications. These long-term data solidified the HeartMate 3 as the definitive…
a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed that potassium-enriched salt substitutes lower blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, reinforcing the SSaSS results and supporting salt substitution as a scalable public…
The GRADE trial compared four glucose-lowering agents added to metformin over 5 years and found that liraglutide and insulin glargine were most durable for glycemic control, while liraglutide had the most favorable cardiovascular profile. The results provided…
The DELIVER trial demonstrated that dapagliflozin significantly reduced the composite of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure and an ejection fraction above 40%, regardless of diabetes status. Together with…
Comparisons, Reflections, and Recommendations.
This harmonization document analyzed the similarities and differences between the ACC/AHA and ESC/ESH hypertension guidelines, highlighting converging evidence on treatment initiation thresholds and targets while acknowledging remaining disagreements on…
The INVICTUS trial showed that rivaroxaban was inferior to warfarin for preventing cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatic heart disease-associated atrial fibrillation, with higher rates of stroke, systemic embolism, and death. This landmark negative…
The SECURE trial demonstrated that a cardiovascular polypill containing aspirin, ramipril, and atorvastatin reduced major adverse cardiovascular events by 24% compared with separate medications in patients after myocardial infarction. The benefit was…
This EAST-AFNET4 subanalysis showed that early rhythm control reduces cardiovascular events even in AF patients with high comorbidity burden, including those with heart failure, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The benefit was not attenuated by…
an individual participant data meta-analysis of large-scale, randomised, double-blind trials.
This individual participant data meta-analysis of large-scale, double-blind statin trials in the Lancet showed that statins cause only a small excess of muscle symptoms (about 11 per 1,000 patients over 5 years), with most patient-reported muscle complaints…
The POST-PCI trial demonstrated that routine functional testing after PCI in high-risk patients did not improve clinical outcomes compared with standard care at 2 years. The results argued against routine surveillance testing as a post-PCI follow-up strategy.
a meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis estimated that true statin intolerance affects 7-29% of patients depending on the definition used, with nocebo-confirmed intolerance rates being much lower. The data highlighted the gap between perceived and actual statin intolerance and…
a comprehensive meta-analysis of five randomised controlled trials.
This comprehensive meta-analysis of five major SGLT2 inhibitor trials in heart failure (DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-Reduced, DELIVER, EMPEROR-Preserved, SOLOIST-WHF) confirmed that SGLT2 inhibition reduces heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death across…
The FLAVOUR trial demonstrated that FFR-guided PCI was noninferior to IVUS-guided PCI for the composite of death, MI, or revascularization at 24 months in patients with intermediate coronary stenoses. The results validated both physiological and anatomical…
This EMPEROR-Preserved subanalysis confirmed that empagliflozin's benefit on heart failure outcomes in HFpEF is consistent regardless of diabetes status, extending the evidence for SGLT2 inhibitors as a universal heart failure therapy beyond glycemic…
US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
The 2022 USPSTF reaffirmation recommended statin use for primary cardiovascular prevention in adults aged 40-75 with at least one CVD risk factor and a 10-year CVD risk of 10% or greater, maintaining the 2016 recommendation with updated evidence review.
Insights From DAPA-HF.
This DAPA-HF post-hoc analysis showed that the initial eGFR decline ('dip') commonly seen after dapagliflozin initiation is not associated with worse clinical outcomes and is followed by a slower long-term rate of kidney function decline. The finding provided…
a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial.
This Lancet long-term study demonstrated that moderate-intensity statin combined with ezetimibe was equally effective as high-intensity statin monotherapy for preventing cardiovascular events, with fewer adverse effects. The results supported combination…
US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
This USPSTF systematic review confirmed that behavioral counseling on diet and physical activity produces modest but consistent cardiovascular risk factor improvements in adults. The evidence supported population-level lifestyle counseling as a component of…
The EMPAG-HF trial demonstrated that early empagliflozin initiation in acute decompensated heart failure significantly increased urinary output without worsening kidney function. The results supported SGLT2 inhibitors as a useful adjunct to loop diuretics for…
Results From the EMPULSE Trial.
The EMPULSE trial demonstrated that empagliflozin initiated during hospitalization for acute heart failure significantly improved a hierarchical composite of death, heart failure events, and symptoms compared with placebo. The results support in-hospital…
The METEORIC-HF Randomized Clinical Trial.
The METEORIC-HF trial showed that omecamtiv mecarbil did not improve exercise capacity in patients with HFrEF, despite its positive effects on heart failure events in GALACTIC-HF. The disconnect between clinical outcomes and functional capacity measures…
The DECAAF II Randomized Clinical Trial.
The DECAAF II trial showed that MRI-guided fibrosis ablation did not improve freedom from atrial arrhythmia compared with conventional catheter ablation in patients with persistent AF. The negative result suggested that current MRI-based fibrosis mapping does…
The PARTITA trial demonstrated that early VT ablation after the first appropriate ICD shock reduced the composite of heart failure hospitalization or death compared with delayed ablation after subsequent shocks. The results supported a proactive ablation…
Results from the RAFT-AF trial.
The RAFT-AF trial showed that ablation-based rhythm control improved left ventricular function and NT-proBNP levels compared with rate control in patients with heart failure and AF, though it did not significantly reduce the composite of mortality and heart…
After 21 years of follow-up in the Diabetes Prevention Program, neither lifestyle intervention nor metformin reduced the incidence of cardiovascular events compared with placebo, despite their proven diabetes prevention effects. The result indicated that…
a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that bariatric surgery is associated with significant reductions in cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality compared with nonsurgical management of obesity. The quantified cardiovascular benefit…
The CHAP trial demonstrated that treatment of mild chronic hypertension during pregnancy (targeting blood pressure <140/90 mmHg) significantly reduced the risk of preeclampsia and preterm birth with no adverse fetal effects. This landmark result reversed the…
The PACMAN-AMI Randomized Clinical Trial.
The PACMAN-AMI trial demonstrated that adding alirocumab to high-intensity statin therapy after acute MI produced greater reductions in coronary plaque volume and improved plaque composition on multimodality intravascular imaging compared with statin alone…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.
The 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA heart failure guideline was the first comprehensive update since 2013, integrating SGLT2 inhibitors, sacubitril-valsartan, and vericiguat into guideline-directed medical therapy. The document codified the four-pillar approach to HFrEF…
US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
The 2022 USPSTF recommendation statement downgraded the role of aspirin in primary cardiovascular prevention, advising against initiation in adults 60 years or older and recommending individualized decision-making in those aged 40–59 with elevated CVD risk…
a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, dose-finding phase 2 study.
The PACIFIC-AF phase 2 trial showed that asundexian, an oral factor XIa inhibitor, had significantly less bleeding than apixaban in AF patients while maintaining preliminary signals of anticoagulant efficacy. This early positive result set the stage for the…
an international, open-label, randomised, controlled trial.
The SODIUM-HF trial showed that strict dietary sodium restriction (<100 mmol/day) in heart failure patients did not significantly reduce the composite of cardiovascular hospitalization, emergency department visit, or death compared with usual care. The…
the EAST-AFNET 4 trial.
This EAST-AFNET 4 analysis showed that early rhythm control improves outcomes in AF patients regardless of symptom status, expanding the indication beyond symptomatic patients. The finding challenged the guideline restriction of rhythm control to symptomatic…
a network meta-analysis of 61 898 patients from 15 randomized trials.
This network meta-analysis of nearly 62,000 ACS patients compared guided de-escalation with potent P2Y12 inhibitor therapy, finding that guided approaches reduce bleeding without increasing ischemic events. The comprehensive analysis supported precision…
the FIDELITY pooled analysis.
The FIDELITY pooled analysis combined FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD data to demonstrate consistent cardiovascular and kidney benefits of finerenone across the full spectrum of CKD severity in patients with type 2 diabetes. This definitive analysis established…
Analyses From the FIGARO-DKD Trial.
This FIDELITY pooled analysis demonstrated that finerenone reduces the risk of new-onset heart failure in patients with CKD and type 2 diabetes, adding heart failure prevention to the established renal and cardiovascular benefits of nonsteroidal…
US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
The 2022 USPSTF reaffirmed the insufficient evidence ('I' statement) for ECG screening for atrial fibrillation in asymptomatic older adults, despite advancing wearable technology, due to the lack of randomized trials demonstrating that screening-detected AF…
Patient-Level Network Meta-Analyses of Randomized Clinical Trials With Interaction Testing by Age and Sex.
This patient-level network meta-analysis of all four DOACs versus warfarin in atrial fibrillation confirmed the class-wide superiority of DOACs for stroke prevention with less intracranial hemorrhage. The analysis also provided the first robust head-to-head…
Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.
The 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI coronary revascularization guideline executive summary integrated evidence from ISCHEMIA, EXCEL, NOBLE, and contemporary trials to update recommendations for PCI versus CABG decision-making. The document emphasized heart team…
The FAME 3 trial showed that FFR-guided PCI was not noninferior to CABG for the composite of death, MI, stroke, or repeat revascularization at 1 year in patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease. The result reinforced CABG as the preferred strategy…
The CLICK trial demonstrated that chlorthalidone effectively lowered blood pressure in patients with advanced CKD (eGFR 15-30 mL/min), a population traditionally thought unresponsive to thiazide diuretics. This evidence-changing result supported the use of…
The TOMAHAWK trial confirmed that immediate coronary angiography did not improve 30-day survival compared with a delayed approach in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest without ST-segment elevation. Together with COACT, this definitively…
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials confirmed that long-term marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is associated with a significantly increased risk of atrial fibrillation. The definitive safety signal raised concerns about the…
an individual patient data meta-analysis.
The PRECOMBAT 10-year follow-up showed no significant difference in the composite of death, MI, stroke, or revascularization between PCI with DES and CABG for left main coronary disease, though individual event rates favored CABG numerically. The long-term…
a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial.
The FAVOR III China trial demonstrated that angiographic quantitative flow ratio (QFR)-guided PCI significantly improved 1-year outcomes compared with angiography-guided PCI. The wire-free virtual physiological assessment offered a practical alternative to…
The FIGARO-DKD trial demonstrated that finerenone reduced cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and a broader range of CKD severity than FIDELIO, including those with earlier-stage kidney disease and less severely elevated albuminuria…
the APAF-CRT mortality trial.
The APAF-CRT mortality analysis confirmed that AV junction ablation combined with cardiac resynchronization therapy significantly reduced all-cause mortality in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation, narrow QRS, and heart failure. The result established…
an adaptive, single-centre, single-blind, randomised, controlled trial.
The PALACS trial demonstrated that posterior left pericardiotomy, a simple 30-second surgical addition during cardiac surgery, significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation. The low-cost, low-risk intervention offered an elegant…
The ENVISAGE-TAVI AF trial showed that edoxaban was noninferior to vitamin K antagonists for the composite of net adverse clinical events in patients with AF after TAVR, but was associated with more gastrointestinal bleeding. The results informed DOAC use in…
an individual participant data meta-analysis.
This BPLTTC meta-analysis revealed that pharmacological blood pressure lowering reduces the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes, with an estimated 11% relative risk reduction per 5 mmHg systolic blood pressure decrease. The unexpected metabolic benefit adds a…
a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, multicentre, phase 3 trial.
The SURPASS-4 trial showed that tirzepatide was superior to insulin glargine for HbA1c reduction and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes and increased cardiovascular risk, while demonstrating cardiovascular safety in this high-risk population.
The PARADISE-MI trial found that sacubitril-valsartan did not significantly reduce the composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure events compared with ramipril in patients with acute MI and reduced left ventricular function. The result indicated that…
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial.
The IAMI trial showed that influenza vaccination administered within 72 hours of myocardial infarction or high-risk coronary intervention reduced the composite of all-cause death, MI, or stent thrombosis at 12 months. This is the first large…
The MASTER DAPT trial showed that abbreviated 1-month dual antiplatelet therapy followed by single antiplatelet therapy was noninferior to standard DAPT for net adverse clinical events in high-bleeding-risk patients after drug-eluting stent implantation. The…
a multicentre, parallel group, unmasked, randomised controlled trial.
The STROKESTOP trial demonstrated that systematic screening for atrial fibrillation in 75-76-year-olds using intermittent ECG recordings, followed by anticoagulation when AF was detected, reduced the composite of ischemic stroke, systemic embolism, bleeding…
EMPEROR-Preserved Trial.
This EMPEROR-Preserved analysis detailed that empagliflozin reduced worsening heart failure events across the ejection fraction spectrum in HFpEF, with consistent benefit regardless of baseline LVEF, diabetes status, or renal function.
The EMPEROR-Preserved trial was the first to demonstrate that an SGLT2 inhibitor (empagliflozin) reduces heart failure hospitalization in patients with HFpEF. This landmark result extended the benefit of SGLT2 inhibition across the full ejection fraction…
This EMPEROR-Reduced renal analysis showed that empagliflozin slowed the decline in eGFR and reduced the risk of serious kidney outcomes in patients with heart failure, demonstrating renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibition in the heart failure population.
an investigator-initiated, open-label, multicentre, non-inferiority, randomised trial.
The TALOS-AMI trial demonstrated that unguided de-escalation from ticagrelor to clopidogrel one month after MI reduced bleeding without increasing ischemic events. The pragmatic approach, requiring no platelet function testing, offered a simpler de-escalation…
The STEP trial demonstrated that intensive blood pressure control (target 110–130 mmHg) significantly reduced cardiovascular events compared with standard treatment (130–150 mmHg) in Chinese patients aged 60–80 with hypertension. The results confirmed the…
a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled trial.
The QUARTET trial showed that initial treatment with a quarter-dose quadruple combination blood pressure pill achieved superior blood pressure control compared with standard care monotherapy at 12 weeks. The results support ultra-low-dose combination therapy…
The SSaSS trial showed that replacing regular salt with a potassium-enriched salt substitute in 20,995 participants significantly reduced stroke, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality without increasing hyperkalemia. This is the largest dietary…
a randomised controlled trial.
The GUIDE-HF trial of hemodynamic-guided heart failure management with implantable PA pressure sensors showed no significant overall benefit, though a pre-COVID subanalysis suggested reduced heart failure events. The results highlighted the confounding impact…
The AMPLITUDE-O trial demonstrated that efpeglenatide, an exendin-based GLP-1 receptor agonist, reduced cardiovascular events and kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk. This was the sixth positive GLP-1 RA cardiovascular…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.
The 2021 ACC Expert Consensus addressed ASCVD risk reduction in patients with persistent hypertriglyceridemia, providing decision algorithms integrating icosapent ethyl, fibrates, and lifestyle modification based on the REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH evidence.
results of 8.7 years of follow-up of Heart Outcomes Evaluation Prevention (HOPE)-3 study participants.
The HOPE-3 extended 8.7-year follow-up showed that the cardiovascular benefits of rosuvastatin observed during the active treatment period persisted after trial completion, suggesting a legacy effect of intermediate-risk lipid lowering on long-term…
a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 trial.
The SURPASS-3 trial demonstrated that tirzepatide was superior to insulin degludec for glycemic control and weight loss when added to metformin with or without an SGLT2 inhibitor in type 2 diabetes. The results positioned tirzepatide as a potent alternative…
The DOREMI trial found no significant difference between milrinone and dobutamine for the primary outcome in patients with cardiogenic shock. As the first large head-to-head comparison of inotropes in shock, it established that neither agent is clearly…
The FLOWER-MI trial showed that FFR-guided complete revascularization of nonculprit lesions did not reduce the composite of death, MI, or urgent revascularization compared with angiography-guided PCI in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease. The…
a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.
This meta-analysis of colchicine trials in coronary disease confirmed that low-dose colchicine reduces cardiovascular events with an acceptable safety profile, integrating COLCOT, LoDoCo2, and COPS data. The pooled evidence supported colchicine as a…
The REHAB-HF trial showed that a tailored physical rehabilitation intervention improved physical function and frailty in older patients hospitalized for acute heart failure, though it did not significantly reduce rehospitalization or death. The functional…
a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial.
The SURPASS-1 trial demonstrated that tirzepatide, a novel dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, produced superior HbA1c reduction and weight loss compared with placebo as monotherapy in type 2 diabetes. These first phase 3 results foreshadowed the transformative…
an investigator-initiated, prospective, randomised, open-label, multicentre trial.
The HOST-EXAM trial showed that clopidogrel was superior to aspirin for chronic maintenance antiplatelet monotherapy after PCI, reducing the composite of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke, readmission for ACS, or stent thrombosis at 24 months. The result…
a randomised, multicentre, single-blind, sham-controlled trial.
The RADIANCE-HTN TRIO trial demonstrated that ultrasound-based renal denervation significantly reduced daytime ambulatory systolic blood pressure compared with a sham procedure in patients with resistant hypertension on a standardized triple combination pill…
The LAAOS III trial demonstrated that surgical left atrial appendage occlusion performed during cardiac surgery significantly reduced the risk of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. This simple addition to planned…
A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
This JAMA Cardiology meta-analysis of randomized trials confirmed that catheter ablation as first-line therapy for atrial fibrillation is superior to antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm, with potential benefits on cardiovascular outcomes. The…
The ADAPTABLE trial, the first large pragmatic trial comparing aspirin doses in cardiovascular disease, found no significant difference between 81 mg and 325 mg daily for preventing cardiovascular events or causing major bleeding. The results support low-dose…
The final SPRINT report, including post-trial follow-up, confirmed the durable benefit of intensive systolic blood pressure control (target <120 mmHg) versus standard treatment (target <140 mmHg) in reducing cardiovascular events and mortality. The sustained…
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Psychiatric Adverse Events During β-Blocker Therapy.
This systematic review and meta-analysis found no significant association between beta-blocker therapy and increased risk of depression, debunking a widely held clinical belief. The evidence addressed one of the most common reasons patients and clinicians…
an individual participant-level data meta-analysis.
This individual-participant-data meta-analysis from the BPLTTC demonstrated that pharmacological blood pressure lowering reduces cardiovascular events across all baseline blood pressure levels, including in individuals with normal or high-normal pressure. The…
a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This Lancet meta-analysis showed that guided antiplatelet therapy selection (pharmacogenomic or pharmacodynamic testing) after PCI reduces ischemic and bleeding events compared with standard unguided therapy. The results supported precision medicine…
The 2020 ESC Guidelines for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes updated risk stratification, timing of invasive management, and antithrombotic strategies incorporating evidence from ISCHEMIA, TWILIGHT, and contemporary trials. The guideline refined the…
a pre-specified analysis from the DAPA-CKD randomized controlled trial.
This pre-specified DAPA-CKD mortality analysis confirmed that dapagliflozin significantly reduces all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease, independent of diabetes status. The survival benefit strengthened the case for universal SGLT2…
A Randomized Clinical Trial.
The VITAL-AF trial unexpectedly showed that marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation was associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation, while vitamin D had no effect. The pro-arrhythmic signal contradicted the assumed cardiovascular benefit of fish…
The COAPT 3-year results confirmed sustained benefit of transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip in heart failure with severe secondary mitral regurgitation, with persistent reductions in hospitalization and mortality beyond the 2-year primary…
Answers to 10 Pivotal Issues About Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.
The 2021 ACC Expert Consensus update addressed 10 pivotal questions on heart failure treatment optimization, integrating evidence for SGLT2 inhibitors across the ejection fraction spectrum, vericiguat in recently decompensated HFrEF, and practical…
A Randomized Clinical Trial.
The SMARTEX-HF trial showed that high-intensity interval training was not superior to moderate continuous training for improving peak VO2 in patients with HFrEF. The result supported moderate exercise as safe and effective, without an incremental benefit from…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.
The 2020 ACC Expert Consensus provided a comprehensive decision pathway for managing antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism who require antiplatelet agents, with practical algorithms for diverse clinical…
The FIDELIO-DKD trial demonstrated that finerenone, a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, significantly reduced both kidney failure progression and cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. This…
A Meta-analysis.
This JAMA Cardiology meta-analysis updated the evidence on SGLT2 inhibitor cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes, confirming class-consistent reductions in heart failure hospitalization, cardiovascular death, and kidney disease progression…
The INCREASE trial demonstrated that inhaled treprostinil improved exercise capacity in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease. This was the first therapy proven effective for this specific, previously untreatable form…
The STOP AF First trial confirmed that cryoablation was superior to antiarrhythmic drug therapy as initial treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, with significantly fewer patients experiencing treatment failure at 1 year. Together with EARLY-AF, the…
The EARLY-AF trial showed that cryoballoon ablation as initial therapy for symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was superior to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in maintaining sinus rhythm at 1 year. This landmark result challenged the guideline…
This EMPEROR-Reduced subanalysis in nondiabetic patients confirmed that empagliflozin reduces cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization regardless of diabetes status. The finding was pivotal for regulatory approval of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart…
a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
This meta-analysis confirmed that short DAPT followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy significantly reduces bleeding compared with prolonged DAPT after PCI with second-generation DES, without increasing ischemic events. The pooled evidence consolidated the…
The PolyPill-TIPS-3 trial showed that a polypill containing a statin and two blood-pressure-lowering drugs, with or without aspirin, reduced the incidence of cardiovascular disease in intermediate-risk individuals without established CVD. The study validated…
The SOLOIST-WHF trial demonstrated that sotagliflozin initiated before or shortly after hospital discharge for worsening heart failure significantly reduced cardiovascular death and heart failure events in patients with diabetes. The study provided the first…
The SCORED trial showed that sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor, reduced cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, and urgent heart failure visits in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. The results established dual…
The GALACTIC-HF trial demonstrated that omecamtiv mecarbil, a selective cardiac myosin activator, modestly reduced the composite of heart failure events or cardiovascular death in patients with HFrEF. The trial validated a novel mechanism targeting cardiac…
The RATE-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.
The RATE-AF trial showed that digoxin was noninferior to bisoprolol for quality-of-life outcomes in patients with permanent AF and symptoms of heart failure, with fewer treatment-related adverse events. The pragmatic result supported digoxin as a reasonable…
a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial.
The AFFIRM-AHF trial showed that intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency discharged after acute heart failure reduced the composite of heart failure rehospitalization and cardiovascular death versus placebo. This landmark result…
This NEJM trial demonstrated that evinacumab significantly reduced LDL cholesterol in patients with refractory hypercholesterolemia who had not reached LDL goals despite maximum tolerated lipid-lowering therapy. The results extended the utility of ANGPTL3…
The STRENGTH Randomized Clinical Trial.
The STRENGTH trial showed that high-dose omega-3 fatty acids (EPA plus DHA) did not reduce major cardiovascular events compared with corn oil in statin-treated patients at high cardiovascular risk. The contrasting result with REDUCE-IT (EPA only) suggested…
The RIVER trial demonstrated that rivaroxaban was noninferior to warfarin for the composite of stroke, TIA, systemic embolism, valve thrombosis, or death in patients with atrial fibrillation and a bioprosthetic mitral valve. The result expanded the evidence…
The StatinWISE N-of-1 trial demonstrated that muscle symptoms attributed to statins were largely not reproducible under blinded conditions, with similar symptom scores during statin and placebo periods. This provided rigorous evidence that most…
a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
This Lancet meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials confirmed that LDL cholesterol-lowering therapy reduces cardiovascular events in older patients to a similar extent as in younger patients. The analysis definitively countered the notion that lipid…
ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial.
This ODYSSEY OUTCOMES analysis showed that alirocumab-mediated Lp(a) reduction independently contributed to lowering the total burden of cardiovascular events, beyond LDL cholesterol effects. The finding strengthened the evidence for Lp(a) as an actionable…
The Australian COPS Randomized Clinical Trial.
The Australian COPS trial showed that colchicine initiated during ACS hospitalization did not reduce cardiovascular events and was associated with a signal toward increased noncardiovascular mortality. The unexpected negative result contrasted with COLCOT and…
US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
The 2020 USPSTF recommendation on blood pressure screening in children and adolescents addressed the evidence for routine screening and identification of primary and secondary hypertension in the pediatric population.
systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
This meta-analysis demonstrated that complete revascularization of nonculprit lesions in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease significantly reduces cardiovascular death, providing the strongest evidence yet for a mortality benefit from the complete…
secondary analysis of the multicentre randomised controlled SYNTAXES trial with external cohort validation.
The redeveloped SYNTAX Score II integrates clinical and anatomical variables to provide individualized predictions of outcomes after PCI versus CABG, enabling personalized revascularization decisions based on predicted benefit rather than average trial…
The ELDERCARE-AF trial showed that low-dose edoxaban (15 mg daily) significantly reduced stroke and systemic embolism compared with placebo in very elderly (≥80 years) Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation who were deemed inappropriate for standard-dose…
A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
This comprehensive network meta-analysis evaluated the optimal duration and intensity of DAPT after PCI with drug-eluting stents, comparing short-term, standard, and extended regimens. The analysis provided quantitative guidance for personalizing DAPT…
an open-label, multicentre, non-inferiority randomised trial.
This Lancet trial of prasugrel dose de-escalation (from 10 mg to 5 mg) after the acute phase of ACS demonstrated that dose reduction provides a less bleeding-prone alternative to switching agents. The approach offered a practical de-escalation strategy within…
The DAPA-CKD trial demonstrated that dapagliflozin significantly reduced the composite of sustained decline in eGFR, end-stage kidney disease, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes in patients with CKD, regardless of diabetes status. The trial was…
The VERTIS CV trial confirmed the cardiovascular safety (noninferiority) of ertugliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic disease but did not demonstrate superiority for MACE reduction. The result differentiated ertugliflozin…
The EMPEROR-Reduced trial showed that empagliflozin significantly reduced the composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization in patients with HFrEF, regardless of diabetes status. Together with DAPA-HF, this confirmed the class effect of…
The EAST-AFNET 4 trial demonstrated that early, systematic rhythm-control therapy within one year of atrial fibrillation diagnosis reduced cardiovascular death, stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure compared with usual care. This paradigm-shifting…
The HAUSER-RCT trial demonstrated that evolocumab safely and effectively lowered LDL cholesterol in children and adolescents (10-17 years) with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, providing the first randomized evidence for PCSK9 inhibitor use in the…
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
This JAMA Cardiology meta-analysis of asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis showed that early intervention may be associated with improved survival compared with conservative management. The analysis fueled the growing debate about expanding intervention…
a meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials.
This landmark meta-analysis combined individual patient data from DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced, confirming that SGLT2 inhibition as a class significantly reduces cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization in patients with HFrEF regardless of…
a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
This meta-analysis showed that GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes both with and without established cardiovascular disease, though the absolute benefit is greater in the secondary prevention population.
a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
This meta-analysis comparing mortality after DES versus CABG for left main coronary disease found that CABG was associated with significantly lower long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The updated data strengthened the evidence favoring surgery…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.
The 2020 ACC Expert Consensus updated the decision pathway for SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes, integrating evidence from DAPA-HF, CREDENCE, and other contemporary trials to guide agent selection based on predominant…
The TAILOR-PCI Randomized Clinical Trial.
The TAILOR-PCI trial of genotype-guided P2Y12 inhibitor selection showed a trend toward fewer ischemic events with pharmacogenomic-guided therapy versus standard clopidogrel, though the primary endpoint was not statistically significant. The study advanced…
This pivotal trial showed that evinacumab, an ANGPTL3 inhibitor, reduced LDL cholesterol by 47% in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, a condition where conventional therapies including PCSK9 inhibitors are often ineffective due to absent…
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This meta-analysis confirmed that discontinuing aspirin while continuing a P2Y12 inhibitor after PCI significantly reduces bleeding without increasing ischemic events. The consolidated evidence supported P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy as a safe de-escalation…
results of the ALL-IN cluster randomized trial.
The ALL-IN cluster-randomized trial showed that integrated AF management orchestrated in primary care achieved excellent adherence to guideline recommendations and was associated with improved clinical outcomes. The results demonstrated that comprehensive AF…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.
The 2020 ACC Expert Consensus on managing bleeding in patients on oral anticoagulants provided practical algorithms for assessment, reversal agent selection, and resumption of anticoagulation after bleeding events, addressing a common clinical challenge.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
This JAMA Cardiology meta-analysis confirmed that complete revascularization of nonculprit lesions significantly reduces cardiovascular death and MI compared with culprit-only PCI in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease. The pooled analysis provided…
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
This JAMA meta-analysis of individual patient data confirmed that radial artery grafts provide superior long-term cardiovascular outcomes compared with saphenous vein grafts in patients undergoing CABG, supporting the use of arterial conduits to improve…
Network Meta-Analysis of 52 816 Patients From 12 Randomized Trials.
This network meta-analysis of oral P2Y12 inhibitors in ACS incorporating over 52,000 patients from contemporary trials provided updated comparative efficacy and safety data, informing personalized antiplatelet selection based on the balance of ischemic and…
a comparative analysis of three randomised controlled trials.
This Lancet analysis estimated the lifetime benefit of comprehensive disease-modifying pharmacotherapy in HFrEF, showing that adding an MRA, ARNI, and SGLT2 inhibitor to standard therapy could yield several additional years of event-free survival. The…
A Systematic Review.
This JAMA systematic review provided a comprehensive overview of systemic amyloidosis, including AL and ATTR subtypes, covering diagnostic pathways, prognostic assessment, and emerging therapies. The review addressed the growing recognition that cardiac…
The TICO Randomized Clinical Trial.
The TICO results showed that ticagrelor monotherapy after 3 months of DAPT significantly reduced major bleeding compared with continued ticagrelor plus aspirin at 1 year after PCI for ACS, without increasing cardiovascular events. The study reinforced the…
The OPTIMISE Randomized Clinical Trial.
The OPTIMISE trial demonstrated that reducing the number of antihypertensive medications in older patients with well-controlled blood pressure is safe, with the majority maintaining adequate control at 12 weeks. The results supported deprescribing as a…
Meta-Analyses of 11 Million Subjects.
This meta-analysis of 11 million subjects established that familial hypercholesterolemia is far more prevalent than previously estimated, affecting approximately 1 in 250 individuals worldwide and up to 1 in 17 among patients with ischemic heart disease. The…
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
This JAMA meta-analysis showed that blood pressure lowering is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of incident dementia and cognitive impairment. The findings supported blood pressure control as a potentially modifiable strategy for dementia…
The VICTORIA trial demonstrated that vericiguat, a novel oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, reduced the composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization in patients with HFrEF who had recently decompensated. This established a new…
A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
This AHA scientific statement addressed the clinical management of stable coronary artery disease specifically in patients with type 2 diabetes, integrating ISCHEMIA results with contemporary evidence on SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists for comprehensive…
a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This Lancet meta-analysis demonstrated that P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy is superior to aspirin monotherapy for secondary cardiovascular prevention, reducing ischemic events (particularly stroke) without increasing major bleeding. The findings challenged…
Extended Follow-Up of the PRECOMBAT Trial.
The EXCEL 10-year extended follow-up showed higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with PCI compared with CABG for left main disease, diverging from the earlier 5-year results. The long-term data reignited the debate about the optimal revascularization…
a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial.
The pivotal SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED trial confirmed that catheter-based renal denervation significantly reduced 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure compared with a sham procedure in patients with hypertension not taking antihypertensive medications. This definitive…
An Updated Network Meta-analysis.
This updated network meta-analysis of antithrombotic regimens in AF patients undergoing PCI, integrating AUGUSTUS, RE-DUAL PCI, PIONEER AF-PCI, and ENTRUST-AF PCI, confirmed that dual therapy with a DOAC plus P2Y12 inhibitor offers the optimal balance of…
the randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial.
The POPular AGE trial showed that clopidogrel was associated with less bleeding than ticagrelor or prasugrel in patients aged 70 years and older with non-ST-elevation ACS, without a significant increase in ischemic events. The results supported clopidogrel as…
The ISCHEMIA-CKD trial showed that an initial invasive strategy did not reduce cardiovascular events compared with conservative management in patients with stable coronary disease and advanced chronic kidney disease. The findings underscored the heightened…
The ORION-9 trial demonstrated that twice-yearly inclisiran injections reduced LDL cholesterol by approximately 40% in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia on maximally tolerated statin therapy. The results confirmed the efficacy of RNA…
The ORION-10 and ORION-11 phase 3 trials demonstrated that twice-yearly subcutaneous inclisiran reduced LDL cholesterol by approximately 50% with sustained efficacy and an acceptable safety profile. These results confirmed inclisiran as a viable long-acting…
This JAMA DAPA-HF analysis confirmed that dapagliflozin reduced worsening heart failure and cardiovascular death equally in patients with HFrEF with and without type 2 diabetes. The finding strengthened the case for SGLT2 inhibitors as a heart failure therapy…
The ISCHEMIA trial showed that an initial invasive strategy with revascularization did not reduce cardiovascular death or MI compared with optimal medical therapy alone in patients with stable coronary disease and moderate-to-severe ischemia. The findings…
This NEJM trial demonstrated that a community-based intervention using trained nonphysician health workers significantly improved blood pressure control in rural South Asian communities. The scalable approach addressed the critical shortage of healthcare…
The ERADICATE-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.
The ERADICATE-AF trial showed that adding renal denervation to pulmonary vein isolation significantly reduced AF recurrence in patients with hypertension and paroxysmal AF, demonstrating a synergistic benefit of combining two catheter-based interventions.
updated 5-year outcomes from the randomised, non-inferiority NOBLE trial.
The 5-year NOBLE update confirmed that CABG remained superior to PCI for the composite endpoint in patients with unprotected left main stenosis, with the difference driven by lower rates of nonprocedural MI and repeat revascularization with surgery.
This NEJM study demonstrated proof-of-concept that targeted lipoprotein(a) reduction is achievable in patients with established cardiovascular disease using an antisense oligonucleotide. The results validated Lp(a) as a druggable target and paved the way for…
Results From the DAPA-HF Trial.
This DAPA-HF analysis showed that dapagliflozin significantly improved heart failure symptoms, physical function, and quality of life in patients with HFrEF within the first few weeks of treatment. The patient-reported outcomes complemented the hard clinical…
Insights From DAPA-HF.
This DAPA-HF age subanalysis confirmed that dapagliflozin reduced heart failure events and cardiovascular death consistently across all age groups in patients with HFrEF, including those aged 75 and older. The safety profile was also maintained in elderly…
The GALILEO trial demonstrated that rivaroxaban-based antithrombotic therapy after TAVR increased the risk of death or thromboembolic events and bleeding compared with antiplatelet therapy alone. The trial was stopped early for harm, establishing antiplatelet…
This randomized trial showed that abstinence from alcohol in regular drinkers with atrial fibrillation significantly reduced AF recurrence and AF burden. The study provided the first high-quality evidence that alcohol cessation is a modifiable lifestyle…
The TST trial demonstrated that targeting LDL cholesterol below 70 mg/dL with statin therapy after ischemic stroke significantly reduced subsequent cardiovascular events compared with a higher target of 90-110 mg/dL. The results extended the 'lower is better'…
The COLCOT trial demonstrated that low-dose colchicine (0.5 mg daily) initiated within 30 days of MI significantly reduced the composite of cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, MI, stroke, or urgent coronary revascularization. This landmark study provided…
The TWILIGHT trial showed that ticagrelor monotherapy after 3 months of dual antiplatelet therapy significantly reduced clinically relevant bleeding without increasing ischemic events in high-risk patients after PCI. This established P2Y12 inhibitor…
The DAPA-HF trial demonstrated that dapagliflozin reduced the composite of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death in patients with HFrEF regardless of the presence of diabetes. This transformative result established SGLT2 inhibitors as a fourth…
The EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 Randomized Clinical Trial.
The EMPA-HEART trial demonstrated that empagliflozin significantly reduced left ventricular mass index in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease, providing the first randomized evidence of direct structural cardiac effects from SGLT2…
a systematic, multinational, large-scale analysis.
This comprehensive multinational analysis compared all first-line antihypertensive drug classes across millions of patients. Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics showed the most favorable overall effectiveness-to-safety balance, while ACE inhibitors were…
The CLEAR Wisdom Randomized Clinical Trial.
The CLEAR Harmony trial showed that bempedoic acid added to maximally tolerated statin therapy produced additional LDL cholesterol lowering with an acceptable safety profile in patients at high cardiovascular risk. The trial established the tolerability of…
The 5-year EXCEL results showed no significant difference between PCI and CABG for the primary composite endpoint in left main coronary disease, though controversy arose over differing results depending on whether periprocedural MI was included. The data…
The TICO trial demonstrated that ticagrelor monotherapy after 3 months of DAPT reduced bleeding without increasing ischemic events compared with continued DAPT at 1 year after DES implantation. The study added to the growing evidence for early P2Y12 inhibitor…
a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
The AMBER trial showed that patiromer, a potassium binder, enabled continued use of spironolactone in patients with resistant hypertension and CKD by preventing hyperkalemia. The results established a practical solution for the clinical dilemma of MRA use in…
The POPular Genetics trial showed that genotype-guided de-escalation from ticagrelor or prasugrel to clopidogrel in CYP2C19 noncarriers after primary PCI was noninferior for thrombotic events and reduced bleeding. The study established pharmacogenomic-guided…
The PARAGON-HF trial did not meet its primary endpoint of reduced heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death with sacubitril-valsartan versus valsartan in HFpEF. However, prespecified subgroup analysis suggested benefit in patients with lower…
a single-blind randomised controlled trial.
The CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI trial definitively showed that remote ischemic conditioning applied to the arm before primary PCI for STEMI did not improve clinical outcomes at 12 months. The large, multicenter negative result ended the clinical pursuit of this…
The ISAR-REACT 5 trial found that prasugrel was superior to ticagrelor in reducing the composite of death, MI, or stroke in patients with acute coronary syndromes planned for invasive management, with no significant difference in bleeding. This first major…
A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
This meta-analysis demonstrated that the association between triglyceride lowering and cardiovascular risk reduction depends on concomitant reductions in apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Triglyceride lowering per se, without apoB reduction, does not…
a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial.
The ENTRUST-AF PCI trial showed that edoxaban-based dual antithrombotic therapy (edoxaban plus P2Y12 inhibitor) met the noninferiority threshold for bleeding compared with VKA-based triple therapy in AF patients after PCI, adding a fourth DOAC to the evidence…
10-year follow-up of the multicentre randomised controlled SYNTAX trial.
The SYNTAX 10-year extended follow-up demonstrated that CABG provided superior long-term survival over PCI in patients with three-vessel or left main coronary disease, driven primarily by lower cardiac mortality. This longest-available randomized comparison…
The COMPLETE trial showed that routine complete revascularization of nonculprit lesions during the index hospitalization or shortly thereafter reduced cardiovascular death and MI compared with culprit-only PCI in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease…
The THEMIS trial showed that ticagrelor added to aspirin modestly reduced cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary disease and type 2 diabetes but significantly increased major bleeding. The narrow net clinical benefit limited the clinical…
a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.
This THEMIS-PCI subanalysis showed that ticagrelor added to aspirin significantly reduced cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with stable coronary disease and prior PCI, identifying the subgroup with the most favorable risk-benefit profile within the…
This NEJM trial demonstrated that a fixed-dose polypill containing atorvastatin, amlodipine, losartan, and hydrochlorothiazide significantly reduced cardiovascular events in an underserved, predominantly minority population without established cardiovascular…
The AFIRE trial demonstrated that rivaroxaban monotherapy was superior to rivaroxaban plus an antiplatelet agent in patients with atrial fibrillation and stable coronary artery disease, with significantly less bleeding and no increase in ischemic events. The…
The PIONEER 6 trial established the cardiovascular safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, meeting the noninferiority threshold for MACE versus placebo. This was the first cardiovascular safety trial for an…
a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial.
The PolyIran trial, a pragmatic cluster-randomized study, demonstrated that a cardiovascular polypill reduced major cardiovascular events in an Iranian population when used for both primary and secondary prevention. The results validated the polypill strategy…
a cross-sectional study of nationally representative individual-level data from 1·1 million adults.
This Lancet cross-sectional analysis of 44 low- and middle-income countries identified where patients are lost along the hypertension care continuum, quantifying the massive global treatment gap that accounts for the disproportionate cardiovascular burden in…
an analysis of 123 nationally representative surveys.
This Lancet analysis of 123 national surveys across 12 high-income countries mapped trends in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control, revealing that despite improvements, substantial gaps in blood pressure management persist even in well-resourced…
The RELAX-AHF-2 trial showed that serelaxin (recombinant human relaxin-2) did not reduce cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure in patients with acute heart failure, failing to confirm the promising phase 2 results. The definitive negative outcome…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society.
The 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay provided comprehensive updated recommendations for evaluation, pacing indications, and device selection, replacing prior guidelines with contemporary evidence on leadless pacing and…
The SPRINT MIND MRI substudy showed that intensive blood pressure control significantly reduced the progression of cerebral white matter lesions compared with standard treatment. The imaging findings provided mechanistic support for the potential…
This NEJM trial demonstrated that volanesorsen, an antisense oligonucleotide targeting apoC-III, dramatically reduced triglyceride levels in patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome. As the first targeted therapy for this rare genetic disorder, it…
a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial.
The REWIND trial showed that once-weekly dulaglutide reduced the composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, and nonfatal stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes, including a substantial proportion at primary prevention level. This broadened the evidence…
This ODYSSEY OUTCOMES analysis demonstrated that alirocumab reduced all-cause mortality after acute coronary syndrome, particularly in patients with baseline LDL cholesterol ≥100 mg/dL. This was the first PCSK9 inhibitor trial to show a statistically…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society.
The 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS focused update on atrial fibrillation management provided new recommendations for anticoagulation including DOACs as first-line therapy, expanded catheter ablation indications, and updated guidance on rhythm versus rate control strategies.
The SMART-CHOICE Randomized Clinical Trial.
The SMART-CHOICE trial showed that P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after 3 months of DAPT was noninferior to continued 12-month DAPT for cardiovascular events after PCI, supporting the de-escalation to single antiplatelet therapy approach.
The STOPDAPT-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
The STOPDAPT-2 trial demonstrated that 1 month of DAPT followed by clopidogrel monotherapy was noninferior and even superior to 12-month standard DAPT for net clinical benefit after PCI. The results supported ultra-short DAPT as a viable strategy with…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.
JACC publication of the systematic review underlying the 2018 AHA/ACC cholesterol guideline, evaluating the evidence for nonstatin lipid-lowering therapies and their effects on cardiovascular outcomes.
Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.
JACC publication of the 2018 AHA/ACC cholesterol guideline executive summary, providing key recommendations including risk enhancers, coronary calcium scoring, and LDL thresholds for PCSK9 inhibitor therapy in a concise format for clinical practice.
a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.
This Lancet individual patient data meta-analysis provided definitive evidence that new-generation drug-eluting stents are superior to bare-metal stents across all patient subgroups, with reduced target lesion revascularization and no increase in stent…
This NEJM trial compared two dual antihypertensive combinations (amlodipine-hydrochlorothiazide versus perindopril-hydrochlorothiazide) in black African patients with hypertension, providing evidence to guide initial combination therapy in this…
A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.
This systematic review provided the evidence foundation for the 2018 AHA/ACC cholesterol guideline, evaluating nonstatin therapies including ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, and bile acid sequestrants for their effects on cardiovascular outcomes beyond statin…
Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.
The 2018 AHA/ACC cholesterol guideline executive summary introduced risk enhancers, coronary artery calcium scoring for shared decision-making, and LDL-cholesterol thresholds for escalating therapy to PCSK9 inhibitors. The guideline shifted the paradigm from…
The CREDENCE trial demonstrated that canagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of kidney failure, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. As the first dedicated renal outcomes trial for an SGLT2…
From REDUCE-IT.
This REDUCE-IT analysis of total ischemic events (not just first events) showed that icosapent ethyl reduced recurrent cardiovascular events by 30%, with a substantial absolute risk reduction. The total event analysis demonstrated even greater benefit than…
This DECLARE-TIMI 58 subanalysis showed that dapagliflozin significantly reduced MACE specifically in patients with type 2 diabetes and prior myocardial infarction, while the broader trial population showed only heart failure benefit. The finding identified…
This DECLARE-TIMI 58 heart failure analysis confirmed that dapagliflozin significantly reduces heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes, with the greatest benefit in those with prior heart failure. The results…
The PARTNER 3 trial showed that TAVR with a balloon-expandable valve was superior to surgery for the composite of death, stroke, or rehospitalization at 1 year in patients with severe aortic stenosis at low surgical risk. This landmark result, alongside…
The Evolut Low Risk trial demonstrated that self-expanding TAVR was noninferior to surgical aortic-valve replacement in low-surgical-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis for the composite of death or disabling stroke at 24 months. Together with PARTNER…
The final MOMENTUM 3 report confirmed the long-term superiority of the HeartMate 3 fully magnetically levitated LVAD over the HeartMate II, with sustained reductions in pump thrombosis, stroke, and reoperations. The data cemented HeartMate 3 as the definitive…
This comparative meta-analysis showed that GLP-1 receptor agonists predominantly reduce atherosclerotic events (MI, stroke) while SGLT2 inhibitors primarily reduce heart failure hospitalization and renal outcomes. The distinct benefit profiles support…
The AUGUSTUS trial, using a 2×2 factorial design, demonstrated that apixaban was superior to warfarin (less bleeding) and aspirin offered no ischemic benefit over placebo in patients with atrial fibrillation after ACS or PCI. This trial definitively…
The RACE 7 ACWAS trial showed that a wait-and-see approach was noninferior to immediate cardioversion for achieving sinus rhythm at 4 weeks in patients with recent-onset symptomatic atrial fibrillation. The results support expectant management as a viable…
The COACT trial demonstrated that immediate coronary angiography did not improve 90-day survival compared with delayed angiography in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest without ST-segment elevation. The findings argued against routine emergent…
This meta-analysis of sham-controlled renal denervation trials confirmed a significant blood pressure reduction with catheter-based renal denervation versus sham procedures. By including only rigorously designed studies, the analysis provided the most…
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